Arundel Series

• Depth class: Moderately deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Very slow
• Parent material: Clayey residuum weathered from siltstone or claystone
• Landform: Ridges, knolls, and hillslopes
• Landform position: Summits of narrow ridges and on backslopes and footslopes
• Slope: 2 to 60 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Cantuche, Luverne, Rayburn, Smithdale, and Wadley soils are commonly associated with the Arundel series.

• The shallow Cantuche soils are in positions similar to those of the Arundel soils.
• The very deep, clayey Luverne and loamy Smithdale soils are commonly on ridges and side slopes at higher elevations than the Arundel soils.
• The deep Rayburn soils are on footslopes and backslopes at lower elevations than the Arundel soils.
• The Wadley soils are on footslopes and shoulder slopes and have a thick, sandy epipedon.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Arundel loam, in an area of Arundel-Cantuche complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes; about 2 miles south of Tallahatta Springs; 2,640 feet north and 2,400 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 1, T. 10 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Fulton West topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 52 minutes 0 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 49 minutes 41 seconds W.

• A—0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; about 5 percent claystone pebbles; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—5 to 18 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 8 percent claystone pebbles; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—18 to 32 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent claystone pebbles; common fine and medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C—32 to 39 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) very cobbly clay loam; massive; firm; about 55 percent claystone cobbles and channers; extremely acid; gradual irregular boundary.
• Cr—39 to 80 inches; pale olive (5Y 6/3) claystone; massive; extremely firm; common distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation on surfaces; extremely acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches
• Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: Less than 15 percent pebbles and cobbles in the A and B horizons and 15 to 60 percent pebbles and cobbles in the C horizon
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—clay or silty clay
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, yellow, or brown
• C horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—very cobbly clay loam, cobbly clay, very gravelly silty clay, or gravelly silty clay loam
• Cr horizon:
  • Type of bedrock—weathered claystone or siltstone; massive or platy rock structure
  • Other—can be excavated with light-weight mechanical equipment and can be cut with hand tools with difficulty

Bama Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy alluvial sediments
• Landform: High stream terraces
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and side slopes
• Slope: 2 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Boykin, Lucedale, Malbis, and Smithdale soils are commonly associated with the Bama series.

• The Boykin and Smithdale soils are on summits of narrow ridges at the higher elevations or on side slopes at the lower elevations. Boykin soils have a thick, sandy epipedon. Smithdale soils have a significant decrease in content of clay within a depth of 60 inches.
• The Lucedale soils are in positions similar to those of the Bama soils but have dark red colors throughout the argillic horizon.
• The Malbis soils are in positions similar to those of the Bama soils but have more than 5 percent plinthite in the lower part of the subsoil.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Bama fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; 0.75 mile southeast of Vashti; 2,500 feet north and 700 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 2, T. 8 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Whatley topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 41 minutes 35 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 38 minutes 8 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• BE—7 to 12 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; common streaks of dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—12 to 24 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine ironstone concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—24 to 63 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine ironstone concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—63 to 87 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 3 percent fine, rounded quartzite pebbles; few fine ironstone concretions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam
  • Relic redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Bibb Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Flat or concave slopes in backswamps
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Typic Fluvaquents

Commonly Associated Soils

Iuka, Mantachie, and Ochlockonee soils are commonly associated with the Bibb series.

• The moderately well drained Iuka and well drained Ochlockonee soils are on high parts of natural levees.
• The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils are in slightly higher, more convex positions than those of the Bibb soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Bibb sandy loam, in an area of Iuka, Bibb, and Mantachie soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; about 1 mile northwest of Zimco; 150 feet south and 600 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 32, T. 9 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Winn topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 42 minutes 47 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 53 minutes 22 seconds W.

• A—0 to 7 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; few fine faint brown (10YR 4/3) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg1—7 to 23 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) sandy loam; massive; very friable; few fine and medium roots; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg2—23 to 72 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) sandy loam; massive; very friable; few thin strata of dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of underlying soil material: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—masses of iron accumulation in shades of red or brown
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray, brown, and red
  • Texture—loamy sand, sandy loam, or loam; thin strata of finer or coarser textured material in most pedons
  • Redoximorphic features—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, red, or yellow

Boykin Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface layers and moderate in the subsoil
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy sediments
• Landform: Ridges and hillslopes
• Landform position: Summits of narrow ridges; shoulder slopes; and backslopes
• Slope: 1 to 15 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Arenic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bama, Luverne, Smithdale, and Wadley soils are commonly associated with the Boykin series.

• The Bama soils are on summits of broad ridges and do not have a thick, sandy epipedon.
• The clayey Luverne soils are commonly on summits of narrow ridges and on side slopes at lower elevations than the Boykin soils.
• The Smithdale and Wadley soils are in positions similar to those of the Boykin soils. The Smithdale soils do not have a thick, sandy epipedon. The Wadley soils have a sandy epipedon that ranges from 40 to 80 inches in thickness.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Boykin loamy sand, in an area of Smithdale-Boykin complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes; about 5.5 miles north of Gosport; 1,400 feet north and 1,200 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 8, T. 8 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Chance topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 40 minutes 18 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 35 minutes 50 seconds W.

• A—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E1—5 to 14 inches; 60 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and 40 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; about 2 percent fine, rounded quartzite pebbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• E2—14 to 26 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; few thin streaks of uncoated sand; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—26 to 38 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—38 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; few fine, rounded ironstone concretions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout the profile, except in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• E horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—loamy sand or sand
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
  • Relic redoximorphic features (where present)—iron or clay depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red or brown

Brantley Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Clayey and loamy marine sediments
• Landform: Ridges and hillslopes
• Landform position: Summits, benches, and side slopes
• Slope: 2 to 60 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, active, thermic Ultic Hapludalfs

Commonly Associated Soils

Lorman, Prim, Okeelala, Suggsville, and Toxey soils are commonly associated with the Brantley series.

• The moderately well drained Lorman and Toxey soils are in positions similar to those of the Brantley soils but have smectitic mineralogy.
• The shallow Prim and deep Suggsville soils are on ridges at the higher elevations.
• The loamy Okeelala soils are in positions similar to those of the Brantley soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Brantley fine sandy loam, in an area of Okeelala-Brantley complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes; about 2 miles south of Dickinson; 2,300 feet north and 2,600 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 19, T. 9 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Whatley topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 42 minutes 39 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 42 minutes 34 seconds W.

• Ap1—0 to 3 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine, common fine and medium, and few coarse roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Ap2—3 to 11 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; many very fine and fine and common medium and coarse roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bt1—11 to 21 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; weak coarse prisms parting to strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; common very fine and few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—21 to 32 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—32 to 43 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• BC—43 to 56 inches; 40 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/8), 35 percent red (2.5YR 4/6), and 25 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; areas of light yellowish brown are iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C1—56 to 68 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) loam; massive; friable; few fine roots; common medium prominent pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) iron depletions; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C2—68 to 80 inches; 55 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and 45 percent pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) silt loam; massive; thinly bedded; friable; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; areas of pale yellow are iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of yellow, red, and brown
  • Texture—clay, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—commonly no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of yellow, red, and brown; or has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• C horizon:
  • Color—commonly no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of yellow, red, and brown; or has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—loam, silt loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam; thin strata of finer or coarser textured material in many pedons
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray, yellow, or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Cahaba Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvial sediments
• Landform: Low stream terraces
• Landform position: Convex slopes on summits
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Chrysler, Izagora, Latonia, Lenoir, Una, and Urbo soils are commonly associated with the Cahaba series.

• The clayey Chrysler soils are in positions similar to those of the Cahaba soils but are at higher elevations.
• The moderately well drained Izagora soils are in slightly lower, less convex positions than those of the Cahaba soils.
• The Latonia soils are in positions similar to those of the Cahaba soils but are coarse-loamy.
• The clayey, somewhat poorly drained Lenoir soils are in flat or slightly concave positions that are lower than those of the Cahaba soils.
• The poorly drained Una and somewhat poorly drained Urbo soils are in low positions on flood plains.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Cahaba fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded; about 0.75 mile east of Chance; 2,500 feet south and 1,000 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 13, T. 9 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Chance topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 44 minutes 55 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 31 minutes 12 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine and fine and common medium roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—8 to 17 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and few fine roots; common thin streaks of brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; common faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—17 to 51 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—51 to 55 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C—55 to 72 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy loam; massive; thinly bedded; very friable; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 35 to 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam
  • Relic redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam; thin strata of finer or coarser textured material in most pedons
  • Relic redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow

Cantuche Series

• Depth class: Shallow
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy residuum weathered from siltstone or claystone
• Landform: Ridges, benches, knolls, and hillslopes
• Landform position: Summits of narrow ridges, shoulder slopes, and the upper parts of side slopes
• Slope: 2 to 60 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, acid, thermic, shallow Typic Udorthents

Commonly Associated Soils

Arundel, Luverne, Rayburn, and Smithdale soils are commonly associated with the Cantuche series.

• The moderately deep, clayey Arundel soils are in positions similar to those of the Cantuche soils.
• The very deep Luverne and Smithdale soils are commonly on ridges and side slopes at higher elevations than the Cantuche soils.
• The deep, clayey Rayburn soils are on footslopes and side slopes at the lower elevations.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Cantuche very channery loam, in an area of Arundel-Cantuche complex, 2 to 10 percent slopes; about 2 miles south of Tallahatta Springs; 200 feet south and 900 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 2, T. 10 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Fulton West topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 52 minutes 24 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 50 minutes 18 seconds W.

• A1—0 to 4 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) very channery loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; about 45 percent claystone channers; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary.
• A2—4 to 10 inches; grayish brown (10YR 4/2) extremely channery loam; moderate fine and medium granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine fragments of charcoal; about 70 percent claystone channers; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Cr—10 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) claystone; massive; extremely firm; common fine roots in fractures, which are more than 12 inches apart; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: 35 to 80 percent channers, flagstones, and angular cobbles of siltstone or claystone
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile
• A horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 or 2 in the upper part; hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3 in the lower part
  • Texture—very channery or extremely channery loam, silt loam, or sandy loam
• C horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—very channery or extremely channery sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
• Cr horizon:
  • Type of bedrock—level bedded, weathered claystone or siltstone; massive or platy rock structure.
  • Other—can be excavated with light-weight mechanical equipment and can be cut with hand tools with difficulty

Chrysler Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Clayey alluvial sediments
• Landform: Low stream terraces
• Landform position: Convex slopes on summits
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Aquic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Cahaba, Izagora, Latonia, Lenoir, Una, and Urbo soils are commonly associated with the Chrysler series.

• The loamy Cahaba, Izagora, and Latonia soils are in positions similar to those of the Chrysler soils on terraces at lower elevations than the Chrysler soils.
• The somewhat poorly drained Lenoir soils are in lower, more concave positions than those of the Chrysler soils.
• The poorly drained Una and somewhat poorly drained Urbo soils are in low positions on flood plains.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Chrysler loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded; about 2.5 miles southwest of Carlton; 2,350 feet north and 1,400 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 15, T. 4 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Carlton topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 18 minutes 46 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 52 minutes 0 seconds W.

• Ap1—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Ap2—3 to 7 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—7 to 17 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/8) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—17 to 23 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and light gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—23 to 29 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent light gray (10YR 6/1) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) iron depletions; common medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt4—29 to 47 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent light gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt5—47 to 60 inches; 60 percent red (2.5YR 4/8) and 40 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; areas of light gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt6—60 to 80 inches; 70 percent red (2.5YR 4/6) and 30 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) clay; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; areas of light gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 4
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—clay loam, clay, or silty clay
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—commonly no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, brown, gray, and yellow; or has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—clay or silty clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow

Daleville Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Loamy alluvial sediments
• Landform: Stream terraces
• Landform position: Flat and slightly concave slopes on summits
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Paleaquults

Commonly Associated Soils

Quitman and Savannah soils are commonly associated with the Daleville series.

• The somewhat poorly drained Quitman soils are in slightly higher, more convex positions than those of the Daleville soils.
• The moderately well drained Savannah soils are in higher, more convex positions than those of the Daleville soils and have a fragipan.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Daleville loam, in an area of Daleville-Quitman complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 4 miles west of Bashi; 800 feet south and 2,550 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 36, T. 12 N., R. 1 E.; USGS Morvin topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 57 minutes 57 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 55 minutes 48 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; common fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) masses of iron accumulation lining root channels and pores; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Eg1—2 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Eg2—8 to 14 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common fine and medium black masses of iron and manganese oxides; many medium and coarse prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg1—14 to 26 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) loam; weak medium prisms parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; thin coatings of light gray (10YR 7/1) sand and silt on faces of peds; few fine and medium concretions of iron and manganese oxides; many medium and coarse prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg2—26 to 36 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay loam; moderate coarse prisms parting to strong coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; thin coatings of light gray (10YR 7/1) sand on faces of peds; many medium and coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btg3—36 to 62 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/1) clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btg4—62 to 78 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• BC—78 to 84 inches; 40 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3), 30 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8), and 30 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; areas of brownish yellow are masses of iron accumulation; areas of light yellowish brown and light brownish gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 4
• Eg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, or very fine sandy loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or yellow
• Btg horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—loam or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—clay depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• Btg horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray, brown, and yellow
  • Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—clay depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray, brown, and yellow
  • Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow

Deerford Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Loamy sediments that contain appreciable amounts of exchangeable sodium
• Landform: Low stream terraces
• Landform position: Slightly convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Albic Glossic Natraqualfs

Commonly Associated Soils

Izagora, Jedburg, and McCrory soils are commonly associated with the Deerford series.

• The moderately well drained Izagora and somewhat poorly drained Jedburg soils are in slightly higher positions than those of the Deerford soils.
• The poorly drained McCrory soils are in slightly lower, more concave positions than those of the Deerford soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Deerford loam, in an area of McCrory-Deerford complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded; in Choctaw County, Alabama; about 3.25 miles southwest of Jachin; 2,600 feet south and 100 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 17, T. 14 N., R. 2 W.; USGS Jachin topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 11 minutes 6 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 12 minutes 19 seconds W.

• A—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E—3 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; common fine and medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• E/B—7 to 10 inches; 60 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very fine sandy loam (E); weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; 40 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) very fine sandy loam (B); weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; common fine faint light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Btn1—10 to 20 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) sandy clay loam; strong coarse columnar structure; firm; common fine and very fine roots; continuous faint clay films on vertical faces of peds; thin seams of light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very fine sandy loam between columns; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; many coarse distinct light gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btn2—20 to 27 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) sandy clay loam; moderate coarse prisms parting to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; continuous faint clay films on vertical faces of peds; thin seams of light gray (10YR 7/2) very fine sandy loam between prisms; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; many fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; common fine distinct olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
• Btn3—27 to 35 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay loam; moderate coarse prisms parting to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; continuous faint clay films on vertical faces of peds; thin seams of light gray (10YR 7/2) very fine sandy loam between prisms; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; many medium and coarse faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
• Btng—35 to 49 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) loam; weak coarse prisms parting to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; continuous faint clay films on vertical faces of peds; many medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
• BC—49 to 61 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) very fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine faint light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) and common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
• C—61 to 80 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/1) very fine sandy loam; massive; very friable; common fine and medium distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 40 inches
• A horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3
  • Reaction—extremely acid to strongly acid
• E horizon and E part of E/B horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—very fine sandy loam or fine sandy loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
  • Reaction—very strongly acid or strongly acid
• Btn horizon and B part of E/B horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—commonly loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam; thin subhorizons of very fine sandy loam or fine sandy loam in some pedons
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
  • Reaction—strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part and neutral to moderately alkaline in the lower part
• Btng horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
  • Reaction—slightly acid to moderately alkaline
• BC and C horizons:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—very fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
  • Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline

The Deerford series is classified as fine-silty, mixed, superactive, thermic Albic Glossic Natraqualfs. The Deerford soils in Clarke County, however, are taxadjuncts to the Deerford series because the percent of exchangeable sodium in the upper part of the argillic horizon and the content of sand coarser than very fine sand in the particle-size control section are higher than is defined as the range of the official series. These differences, however, do not significantly affect the use, management, or interpretations of the soils. In this survey area, the Deerford soils are fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Albic Glossic Natraqualfs.

Escambia Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Loamy alluvial sediments
• Landform: Stream terraces
• Landform position: Flat and slightly convex slopes on summits
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Plinthaquic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Harleston and Malbis soils are commonly associated with the Escambia series.

• The moderately well drained Harleston soils are in slightly higher, more convex positions than those of the Escambia soils.
• The well drained Malbis soils are in higher, more convex positions than those of the Escambia soils and are fine-loamy.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Escambia fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 3.5 miles north of Chance; 670 feet north and 600 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 25, T. 10 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Lower Peach Tree topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 48 minutes 7 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 31 minutes 10 seconds W.

• A1—0 to 3 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• A2—3 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt—7 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Btv1—11 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 20 percent masses of nodular plinthite; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btv2—16 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 15 percent masses of nodular plinthite; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btv3—29 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent masses of nodular plinthite; common medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btv4—33 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent masses of nodular plinthite; common medium prominent gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions; few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 or 2
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• Btv horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• Btv horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray, brown, yellow, and red
  • Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Flomaton Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Excessively drained
• Permeability: Rapid
• Parent material: Stratified sandy and gravelly alluvial sediments
• Landform: Hillslopes
• Landform position: Shoulder slopes, nose slopes, and the upper part of backslopes
• Slope: 10 to 25 percent
• Taxonomic class: Sandy-skeletal, siliceous, thermic Psammentic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Saffell, Smithdale, and Wadley soils are commonly associated with the Flomaton series.

• The Saffell soils are in positions similar to those of the Flomaton soils but are loamy-skeletal.
• The loamy Smithdale and sandy Wadley soils are in positions similar to those of the Flomaton soils. They have less than 15 percent, by volume, gravel in the particle-size control section.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Flomaton very gravelly loamy sand, in an area of Flomaton-Smithdale-Wadley complex, 10 to 25 percent slopes; about 0.5 mile east of Jackson; 500 feet south and 2,500 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 14, T. 7 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Walker Springs topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 33 minutes 8 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 50 minutes 43 seconds W.

• A1—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) very gravelly loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine and few fine and medium roots; about 40 percent fine, rounded pebbles of quartzite and chert; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• A2—3 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine roots; about 35 percent fine, rounded pebbles of quartzite and chert; very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary;
• EB—7 to 14 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) extremely gravelly coarse sand; single grained; loose; common very fine and few fine and medium roots; about 60 percent fine, rounded pebbles of quartzite and chert; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• BE—14 to 24 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand; massive; very friable; common very fine and few fine roots; sand grains are bridged and coated with clay; common splotches and streaks of uncoated sand; about 65 percent fine, rounded pebbles of quartzite and chert; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—24 to 34 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand; massive; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; sand grains are bridged and coated with clay; distinct clay films and stains of ferric oxide on some rock fragments; about 65 percent rounded pebbles of quartzite and chert; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—34 to 46 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand; massive; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; sand grains are bridged and coated with clay; distinct clay films and stains of ferric oxide on some rock fragments; about 65 percent rounded pebbles of quartzite and chert; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—46 to 84 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) extremely gravelly coarse sand; single grained; loose; few very fine roots; about 70 percent rounded pebbles of quartzite and chert; sand grains are bridged and coated with clay; distinct clay films and stains of ferric oxide on some rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C—84 to 100 inches; stratified white (10YR 8/1) and very pale brown (10YR 8/2) very gravelly sand; single grained; loose; about 50 percent quartzite and chert pebbles; many thin lamellae of strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) loamy sand; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent rounded, fine and medium pebbles of quartzite and chert throughout the profile
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile
• A horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3
• EB horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 6
  • Texture—very gravelly or extremely gravelly loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand, or coarse sand
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—very gravelly or extremely gravelly loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand, or coarse sand
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—very gravelly or extremely gravelly loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand, or coarse sand
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 6 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 6
  • Texture—very gravelly or extremely gravelly sand or coarse sand

The Flomaton series is classified as sandy-skeletal, siliceous, thermic Lamellic Paleudults. The Flomaton soils in Clarke County, however, are taxadjuncts to the Flomaton series because the argillic horizon does not consist of a series of lamellae as defined for the official series. This difference does not significantly affect the use, management, or interpretations of the soils. In this survey area, the Flomaton soils are sandy-skeletal, siliceous, thermic Psammentic Paleudults.

Halso Series

• Depth class: Deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Very slow
• Parent material: Clayey marine sediments
• Landform: Ridges and hillslopes
• Landform position: Summits and side slopes
• Slope: 2 to 15 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Brantley, Luverne, and Okeelala soils are commonly associated with the Halso series.

• The well drained, clayey Brantley and loamy Okeelala soils are on ridges and side slopes at lower elevations than the Halso soils.
• The well drained Luverne soils are in positions similar to those of the Halso soils but have mixed mineralogy.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Halso fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes, eroded; about 2.5 miles southwest of Bashi; 1,400 feet north and 1,100 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 9, T. 11 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Bashi topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 56 minutes 8 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 52 minutes 25 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 2 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine and fine and common medium and coarse roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• BA—2 to 4 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium and few coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—4 to 8 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; moderate coarse angular blocky structure; firm; common fine and few medium and coarse roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; many pressure faces; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—8 to 18 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; moderate coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm; common fine and few medium and coarse roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; many pressure faces; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt3—18 to 25 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; strong coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; many pressure faces; few fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btss—25 to 36 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) clay; strong coarse angular blocky structure parting to moderate fine and medium angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; few intersecting slickensides that have polished and striated surfaces; many medium and coarse distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron accumulation; common medium prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• BC—36 to 40 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay; weak coarse angular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C—40 to 52 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay; weak thin platy rock structure; firm; few fine, medium, and coarse roots; common medium prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Cr1—52 to 68 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clayey shale; strong thick platy rock structure; very firm; many fine roots matted on horizontal surfaces; many coarse prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and common medium prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation on structural surfaces; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cr2—68 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clayey shale; strong thick platy rock structure; very firm; many coarse prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and common medium prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation on structural surfaces; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 30 to 50 inches
• Depth to bedrock: 40 to 60 inches to soft shale or clayey, shale-like sediments
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 3
• BA horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—clay loam or silty clay loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay or silty clay
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or red
• Btss horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, brown, gray, and yellow
  • Texture—clay or silty clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray, brown, red, and yellow
  • Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• C horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 6
  • Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• Cr horizon:
  • Type of bedrock—weathered, shale or shale-like sediments; massive or platy rock structure
  • Other—can be excavated with light-weight mechanical equipment and can be cut with hand tools with difficulty

Harleston Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy alluvial sediments
• Landform: Stream terraces
• Landform position: Convex slopes on summits
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aquic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Escambia, Ocilla, and Pelham soils are commonly associated with the Harleston series.

• The somewhat poorly drained Escambia soils are in slightly lower, less convex positions than those of the Harleston soils.
• The somewhat poorly drained Ocilla and poorly drained Pelham soils are in lower positions than those of the Harleston soils and have a thick, sandy epipedon.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Harleston loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 1.75 miles southwest of Chilton; 150 feet north and 100 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 3, T. 9 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Fulton West topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 46 minutes 40 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 52 minutes 19 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E—6 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—13 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few thin streaks of light gray (10YR 7/1) fine sand; common fine and medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) and few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—27 to 46 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine streaks of light gray (10YR 7/1) fine sand; common medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and common fine distinct gray (10YR 6/1) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt3—46 to 72 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common streaks of light gray (10YR 7/1) fine sand; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; common fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 3
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—loamy fine sand or fine sandy loam
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron or clay depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Iuka Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Convex slopes on high or intermediate parts of natural levees
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Aquic Udifluvents

Commonly Associated Soils

Bibb, Mantachie, and Ochlockonee soils are commonly associated with the Iuka series.

• The poorly drained Bibb and somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils are in lower, less convex positions than those of the Iuka soils.
• The well drained Ochlockonee soils are in slightly higher positions than those of the Iuka soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Iuka sandy loam, in an area of Iuka, Bibb, and Mantachie soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; about 0.7 mile northeast of Mays Crossroads; 50 feet south and 2,500 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 4, T. 7 N., R. 1 E.; USGS Jackson topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 35 minutes 49 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 58 minutes 48 seconds W.

• A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; few coarse faint brown (10YR 4/3) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• C1—3 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; massive; thinly bedded; very friable; many fine and medium roots; few thin strata of loamy sand; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C2—16 to 31 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; massive; thinly bedded; very friable; few fine roots; few thin strata of sand; common medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg1—31 to 50 inches; light gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; massive; thinly bedded; very friable; few fine and medium roots; few thin strata of brown (10YR 4/4) sand in the lower part; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg2—50 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loamy sand; massive; thinly bedded; very friable; few thin strata of dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam; strata of finer or coarser textured material in most pedons
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• Cg horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray, brown, and red
  • Texture—loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam; strata of finer or coarser textured material in most pedons
  • Redoximorphic features—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, red, or yellow

Izagora Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Loamy alluvial sediments
• Landform: Low stream terraces
• Landform position: Slightly convex slopes on summits
• Slope: 0 to 3 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aquic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Cahaba, Chrysler, Jedburg, Lenoir, and Myatt soils are commonly associated with the Izagora series.

• The well drained Cahaba soils are in slightly higher, more convex positions than those of the Izagora soils.
• The moderately well drained, clayey Chrysler soils are in positions similar to those of the Izagora soils but are at slightly higher elevations.
• The poorly drained Myatt and somewhat poorly drained Jedburg and Lenoir soils are in lower, less convex positions than those of the Izagora soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Izagora fine sandy loam, in an area of Izagora-Jedburg complex, gently undulating, occasionally flooded; about 4 miles southwest of Bashi; about 400 feet north and 1,500 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 36, T. 12 N., R. 1 E.; USGS Morvin topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 57 minutes 45 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 55 minutes 34 seconds W.

• A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• E—4 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—7 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—16 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—35 to 49 inches; 45 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), 35 percent red (2.5YR 4/6), and 20 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt4—49 to 80 inches; 40 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), 35 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), and 25 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 2 or 3
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron or clay depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red or brown
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, gray, and brown
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, yellow, or brown

Jedburg Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Loamy and clayey alluvial sediments
• Landform: Low stream terraces
• Landform position: Flat or slightly concave slopes and swales
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aeric Paleaquults

Commonly Associated Soils

Cahaba, Chrysler, Izagora, Lenoir, and Myatt soils are commonly associated with the Jedburg series.

• The well drained Cahaba and moderately well drained Izagora soils are on higher, more convex positions than those of the Jedburg soils.
• The clayey, moderately well drained Chrysler soils are in higher, more convex positions than those of the Jedburg soils.
• The clayey Lenoir soils are in positions similar to those of the Jedburg soils.
• The poorly drained Myatt soils are in lower positions than those of the Jedburg soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Jedburg loam, in an area of Izagora-Jedburg complex, gently undulating, occasionally flooded; about 5 miles southwest of Bashi; about 1,900 feet north and 2,200 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 2, T. 11 N., R. 1 E.; USGS Morvin topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 57 minutes 6 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 56 minutes 42 seconds W.

• Ap1—0 to 1 inch; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Ap2—1 to 4 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium and few coarse roots; few fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• BA—4 to 10 inches; 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 40 percent brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine, fine, and medium roots; few fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; few medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; areas of brown are iron depletions; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—10 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium concretions of iron and manganese oxides; many common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; many medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—16 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium concretions of iron and manganese oxides; many coarse distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Btg1—24 to 32 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium concretions of iron and manganese oxides; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btg2—32 to 42 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium concretions of iron and manganese oxides; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btg3—42 to 58 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) sandy clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium concretions of iron and manganese oxides; many medium and coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btg4—58 to 80 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) clay; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium and coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• BA or BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red or brown
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, yellow, or brown
• Btg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam in the upper part and clay loam, sandy clay, or clay in the lower part
  • Redoximorphic features—masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, yellow, or brown