Alaga Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
• Permeability: Rapid
• Parent material: Sandy sediments
• Landform: Hillslopes
• Landform position: Footslopes and the lower part of backslopes
• Slope: 5 to 15 percent
• Taxonomic class: Thermic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments

Commonly Associated Soils

Lucy, Luverne, Orangeburg, Smithdale, and Troup soils are commonly associated with the Alaga series.

• The Lucy and Troup soils are in positions similar to those of the Alaga soils. The Lucy soils have a loamy kandic horizon within a depth of 20 to 40 inches. The Troup soils have a loamy kandic horizon within a depth of 40 to 80 inches.
• The clayey Luverne and loamy Smithdale soils are on the upper parts of backslopes.
• The loamy Orangeburg soils are on summits of ridges.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Alaga loamy sand, in an area of Alaga-Troup complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes; about 2.5 miles west of Forest Home; in Butler County, Alabama; 450 feet east and 1,650 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 5, T. 10 N., R. 12 E.; USGS Moodys Crossroads topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 51 minutes 51 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 1 minute 20 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• C1—6 to 48 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loamy sand; single grained; loose; common fine roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—48 to 96 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sand; single grained; loose; few fine roots; few streaks of pale brown (10YR 6/3) uncoated sand; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C3—96 to 114 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) loamy sand; single grained; loose; few fine roots; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the sandy layer: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile, except in areas where lime has been applied
• Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or sand

Arundel Series

• Depth class: Moderately deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Very slow
• Parent material: Clayey residuum weathered from siltstone or claystone
• Landform: Ridges, knolls, and hillslopes
• Landform position: Summits of narrow ridges, backslopes, and footslopes
• Slope: 2 to 35 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Halso, Lucy, Luverne, and Springhill soils are commonly associated with the Arundel series.

• The deep, clayey Halso soils are commonly on ridges and side slopes at lower elevations than the Arundel soils.
• The Lucy soils are on footslopes and shoulder slopes and have a thick, sandy epipedon.
• The very deep, clayey Luverne and loamy Springhill soils are commonly on ridges and side slopes at higher elevations than the Arundel soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Arundel fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes; about 2 miles south of Cooks Stand; 1,400 feet east and 600 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 35, T. 9 N., R. 16 E.; USGS Moodys Crossroads topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 42 minutes 30 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 25 minutes 0 seconds W.

• A1—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; about 10 percent pebble-sized fragments of siltstone; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• A2—3 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; about 10 percent pebble-sized fragments of siltstone; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Bt1—6 to 16 inches; clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) exterior and red (2.5YR 4/6) interior; strong coarse subangular blocky structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; firm; common medium and fine and few coarse roots; common fine flakes of mica; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent pebble-sized fragments of siltstone; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—16 to 24 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay; moderate coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; firm; common fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; many pressure faces; about 10 percent pebble-sized fragments of siltstone; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—24 to 29 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay; moderate coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; many pressure faces; common fine flakes of mica; about 10 percent pebble-sized fragments of siltstone; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C—29 to 35 inches; 30 percent light brown (7.5YR 6/3), 30 percent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8), 20 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and 20 percent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) fine sandy loam; moderate thick platy rock structure; firm; few fine roots in fractures; about 10 percent pebble-sized fragments of siltstone; very strongly acid.
• Cr—35 to 80 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/3) siltstone; strong thick platy rock structure; extremely firm; common fractures at 10- to 20-inch intervals; few fine roots in fractures; common coarse distinct reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation on structural surfaces; extremely acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches
• Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent siltstone pebbles or cobbles throughout the profile
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay, silty clay, sandy clay, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• C horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, yellow, gray, and brown
  • Texture—clay, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or fine sandy loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• Cr horizon:
  • Type of bedrock—weathered siltstone or claystone; massive or platy rock structure
  • Other distinctive features—can be excavated with light-weight mechanical equipment and can be cut with hand tools with difficulty

Bethera Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Clayey alluvium
• Landform: Low stream terraces
• Landform position: Flat and concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleaquults

Commonly Associated Soils

Eunola, Ocilla, Pelham, and Rains soils are commonly associated with the Bethera series.

• The moderately well drained, loamy Eunola soils and the sandy Ocilla and Pelham soils are on terraces at slightly higher elevations than the Bethera soils.
• The loamy Rains soils are in positions similar to those of the Bethera soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Bethera loam, in an area of Rains-Bethera complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes, occasionally flooded; about 5 miles northwest of Leon; 100 feet west and 400 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 8, T. 7 N., R. 16 E.; USGS Leon topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 35 minutes 46 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 27 minutes 57 seconds W.

• A1—0 to 4 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• A2—4 to 8 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Btg1—8 to 20 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg2—20 to 40 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg3—40 to 62 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; many fine and medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg4—62 to 80 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; many fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2
• Btg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—clay, clay loam, or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, yellow, and brown

Bibb Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Flat and concave slopes in backswamps
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Typic Fluvaquents

Commonly Associated Soils

Eunola, Iuka, Kinston, and Mantachie soils and Fluvaquents are commonly associated with the Bibb series.

• The moderately well drained Eunola soils are on stream terraces.
• The moderately well drained Iuka soils are on high parts of natural levees.
• The Kinston soils are in positions similar to those of the Bibb soils but are fine-loamy.
• The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils are on the lower parts of natural levees and are fine-loamy.
• The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in sloughs and other depressional positions in backswamps.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Bibb fine sandy loam, in an area of Bibb-Iuka complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; about 2 miles northwest of Rutledge; 2,300 feet west and 2,500 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 22, T. 8 N., R. 17 E.; USGS Luverne topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 45 minutes 0 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 20 minutes 10 seconds W.

• A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; few medium concretions of iron and manganese oxides; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in root channels; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Cg1—4 to 12 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; massive; friable; many fine and medium roots; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation throughout; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg2—12 to 30 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) sandy loam; massive; friable; few fine and medium roots; few fine flakes of mica; few coarse root channels filled with grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; many fine and medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation throughout; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg3—30 to 50 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) sandy loam; massive; friable; common fine roots; few fine flakes of mica; common medium distinct olive (5Y 5/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation lining pores and root channels; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg4—50 to 64 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) sandy loam; massive; friable; few fine flakes of mica; few fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation throughout; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg5—64 to 80 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) sandy loam; massive; friable; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the underlying soil material: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 3
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or red
• Cg horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray, brown, and yellow
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam; thin strata of finer or coarser textured material in many pedons
  • Redoximorphic features—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red
• Cg horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or neutral in hue and value of 4 to 6
  • Texture—sandy loam, loam, loamy sand, or sand; thin strata of finer or coarser textured material in many pedons
  • Redoximorphic features—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red

Blanton Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface layers and moderate in the subsoil
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy sediments
• Landform: Ridges and stream terraces
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 0 to 8 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bonifay, Compass, Cowarts, Dothan, and Fuquay soils are commonly associated with the Blanton series.

• The Bonifay and Fuquay soils are on summits and side slopes at higher elevations than the Blanton soils and have a significant accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil.
• The Compass, Cowarts, and Dothan soils are commonly on summits and side slopes at higher elevations than the Blanton soils and do not have a thick, sandy epipedon.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Blanton loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes; about 1 mile south of Rutledge; 1,300 feet east and 2,500 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 35 , T. 9 N., R. 17 E.; USGS Luverne topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 42 minutes 30 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 20 minutes 0 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• AE—6 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• E1—18 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• E2—28 to 46 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; common streaks and splotches of very pale brown (10YR 7/4) sand; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—46 to 56 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common thin streaks of pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—56 to 64 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; few fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—64 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 2 percent masses of nodular plinthite; few medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; common medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Thickness of the sandy epipedon: 40 to 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface and subsurface layers in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• AE or EA horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—loamy sand or loamy fine sand
• E horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—loamy sand or loamy fine sand
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown and red

Bonifay Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface layers and moderately slow in the subsoil
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy sediments
• Landform: Ridges and high stream terraces
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 0 to 8 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Grossarenic Plinthic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Blanton, Compass, Cowarts, Dothan, and Fuquay soils are commonly associated with the Bonifay series.

• The Blanton soils are on summits and side slopes at lower elevations than the Bonifay soils and do not have a significant accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil.
• The Compass soils are on broad ridges at lower elevations than the Bonifay soils and do not have a thick, sandy epipedon.
• The Cowarts and Dothan soils are in positions similar to those of the Bonifay soils but do not have a thick, sandy epipedon.
• The Fuquay soils are in positions similar to those of the Bonifay soils but have a sandy epipedon that ranges from 20 to 40 inches in thickness.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Bonifay loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes; about 2 miles south of Rutledge; 2,000 feet east and 800 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 2 , T. 8 N., R. 17 E.; USGS Luverne topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 42 minutes 1 second N. and long. 86 degrees 19 minutes 42 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E1—9 to 18 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• E2—18 to 32 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• E3—32 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; common thin streaks of uncoated sand; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• E4—48 to 60 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common thin streaks of uncoated sand; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Btv1—60 to 73 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent masses of nodular plinthite; about 10 percent ironstone pebbles; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; few medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btv2—73 to 82 inches; 40 percent red (2.5YR 4/6), 25 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 20 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and 15 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 15 percent masses of nodular plinthite; areas of light brownish gray are iron depletions; areas of yellowish brown and strong brown are masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Thickness of the sandy epipedon: 40 to 80 inches
• Content of plinthite: 5 to 25 percent in the Btv horizon
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface and subsurface layers in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• E horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or sand
• Btv horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red
• Btv horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 6 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, red, gray, and yellow
  • Texture—sandy clay loam or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red

Bonneau Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface layers and moderate in the subsoil
• Parent material: Loamy and sandy sediments
• Landform: Stream terraces
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and side slopes
• Slope: 0 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Arenic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Blanton, Bonifay, and Eunola soils are commonly associated with the Bonneau series.

• The Blanton and Bonifay soils are on summits and side slopes at higher elevations than the Bonneau soils and have a sandy epipedon that ranges from 40 to 80 inches in thickness.
• The Eunola soils are in positions similar to those of the Bonneau soils but are at lower elevations and do not have a thick, sandy epipedon.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Bonneau loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes; about 1 mile west of Luverne; 300 feet west and 1,500 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 1, T. 8 N., R. 17 E.; USGS Luverne topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 41 minutes 30 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 17 minutes 30 seconds W.

• Ap1—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Ap2—5 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; common thin streaks of light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sand; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• E—13 to 21 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; few thin streaks and spots of brown (10YR 4/3) fine sand; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
• E/B—21 to 28 inches; 70 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) loamy fine sand (E); weak coarse subangular block structure; very friable; 30 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine sandy loam (B); weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• B/E—28 to 35 inches; 70 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) fine sandy loam (B); weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; 30 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) loamy fine sand (E); weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Bt1—35 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—45 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse prisms parting to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—52 to 71 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse prisms parting to weak medium subangular blocky structure; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; firm; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; many medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt4—71 to 85 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse prisms parting to weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; extremely acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Thickness of the sandy epipedon: 20 to 40 inches
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface and subsurface layers in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• E horizon and E part of the E/B and B/E horizons:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or fine sand
• Bt horizon (upper part) and B part of the E/B and B/E horizons:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown and red
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, red, gray, and yellow
  • Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red

Brantley Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Stratified clayey and loamy sediments
• Landform: Ridges and hillslopes
• Landform position: Summits, backslopes, and shoulder slopes
• Slope: 2 to 50 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, active, thermic Ultic Hapludalfs

Commonly Associated Soils

Hannon, Leeper, Marietta, Sumter, and Troup soils are commonly associated with the Brantley series.

• The Hannon and Sumter soils are on ridges and hillslopes at lower elevations than the Brantley soils. Hannon soils have vertic properties in the upper part of the solum. Sumter soils are fine-loamy and have carbonatic mineralogy.
• The somewhat poorly drained Leeper and moderately well drained Marietta soils are on flood plains.
• The Troup soils are on ridges and side slopes at higher elevations than the Brantley soils and have a thick, sandy epipedon.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Brantley sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes; about 2 miles west of Naftel; 2,300 feet east and 2,600 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 13, T. 12 N., R. 17 E.; USGS Sellers topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 0 minutes 42 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 19 minutes 2 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 3 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• AE—3 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt1—10 to 25 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine, medium, and coarse roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—25 to 38 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—38 to 48 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C1—48 to 58 inches; stratified strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy loam and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) loamy sand; massive; very friable; common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—58 to 80 inches; stratified yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam and loamy sand; massive; very friable; common fine flakes of mica; few medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 20 to 50 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• E or AE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay loam, clay, or sandy clay
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, clay, or sandy clay
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of yellow, red, brown, and gray
  • Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or loamy sand or stratified with these textures
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Casemore Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy sediments
• Landform: Low stream terraces
• Landform position: Flat and slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Aquic Paleudalfs

Commonly Associated Soils

Brantley, Hannon, Leeper, Marietta, and Sumter soils are commonly associated with the Casemore series.

• The clayey Brantley and Hannon soils are on ridges and side slopes at higher elevations than the Casemore soils.
• The clayey Leeper soils and the moderately well drained Marietta soils are on flood plains.
• The Sumter soils are on side slopes at higher elevations than the Casemore soils and are alkaline throughout.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Casemore loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, rarely flooded; about 1.5 miles southwest of Sellers; 475 feet west and 1,080 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 2, T. 12 N., R. 17 E.; USGS Sellers topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 2 minutes 27 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 19 minutes 19 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; few fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• EB—3 to 7 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—7 to 13 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—13 to 19 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—19 to 30 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; many fine and medium faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg1—30 to 45 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg2—45 to 65 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg3—65 to 80 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/1) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral
• EB or BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red
  • Reaction—very strongly acid to moderately acid
• Btg horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, red, gray, and yellow
  • Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red
  • Reaction—very strongly acid to slightly alkaline

Compass Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Loamy sediments
• Landform: Ridges and stream terraces
• Landform position: Summits
• Slope: 1 to 3 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Plinthic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bonifay, Cowarts, Fuquay, and Orangeburg soils are commonly associated with the Compass series.

• The Bonifay and Fuquay soils are commonly on summits and side slopes at higher elevations than the Compass soils and have a thick, sandy epipedon.
• The Cowarts soils are on side slopes and are fine-loamy.
• The Orangeburg soils are on summits and side slopes at higher elevations than the Compass soils, have a reddish kandic horizon, and are fine-loamy.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Compass loamy sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes; about 1 mile north of Luverne; 400 feet west and 1,800 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 19, T. 9 N., R. 18 E.; USGS Luverne topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 45 minutes 0 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 17 minutes 30 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and few medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• BE—10 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—15 to 27 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—27 to 37 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 2 percent masses of nodular plinthite; about 5 percent fine ironstone pebbles; few fine distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/4) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btv1—37 to 48 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent masses of nodular plinthite; about 5 percent fine ironstone pebbles; common medium prominent light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions; common medium prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btv2—48 to 57 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent masses of nodular plinthite; about 10 percent fine ironstone pebbles; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid, clear wavy boundary.
• Btv3—57 to 75 inches; 40 percent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6), 20 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), 20 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), and 20 percent red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 15 percent masses of nodular plinthite; about 12 percent fine ironstone pebbles; areas of grayish brown are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btv4—75 to 80 inches; 40 percent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6), 25 percent red (2.5YR 4/6), 20 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), and 15 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent masses of nodular plinthite; about 5 percent fine pebbles of quartzite and ironstone; areas of grayish brown are iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Content of plinthite: 5 to 25 percent in the Btv horizon
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red
• Btv horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red
• Btv horizon (lower part):
  • Color—no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, red, gray, and yellow
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay

Cowarts Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Loamy sediments
• Landform: Ridges and hillslopes
• Landform position: Side slopes
• Slope: 5 to 20 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bonifay, Dothan, Fuquay, Orangeburg, Springhill, and Troup soils are commonly associated with the Cowarts series.

• The Bonifay, Fuquay, and Troup soils are on summits and side slopes and have a thick, sandy epipedon.
• The Dothan soils are on summits of ridges and smoothly sloping side slopes and have a significant accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil.
• The Orangeburg soils are on summits and side slopes and have a thick, reddish kandic horizon.
• The Springhill soils are in positions similar to those of the Cowarts soil but have a reddish kandic horizon.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Cowarts sandy loam, in an area of Cowarts-Troup complex, 8 to 20 percent slopes; about 2.5 miles northeast of Panola; 1,000 feet east and 1,320 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 27, T. 12 N., R. 17 E.; USGS Lapine topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 58 minutes 58 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 21 minutes 2 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common coarse and many fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• EB—4 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common coarse and many fine roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—10 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—28 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of mica; few medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• BC—36 to 44 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine ironstone pebbles; many fine flakes of mica; common fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C1—44 to 58 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam; massive; thinly bedded; firm; few fine ironstone pebbles; many mica flakes; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; many medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—58 to 70 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy loam; massive; thinly bedded; firm; few fine ironstone pebbles; few thin strata of sandy clay loam; many fine flakes of mica; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C3—70 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam; massive; thinly bedded; firm; many fine flakes of mica; common medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 20 to 50 inches
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• EB or BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—commonly sandy clay loam; sandy clay or sandy loam in thin subhorizons in some pedons
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, brown, and gray
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam; thin strata or pockets of finer or coarser textured material in many pedons
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Dothan Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Loamy sediments
• Landform: Ridges and high stream terraces
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 0 to 8 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bonifay, Cowarts, Fuquay, Orangeburg, and Springhill soils are commonly associated with the Dothan series.

• The Bonifay and Fuquay soils are in positions similar to those of the Dothan soils but have a thick, sandy epipedon.
• The Cowarts and Springhill soils are on dissected side slopes and do not have a significant accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil. Also, the Springhill soils have a reddish kandic horizon.
• The Orangeburg soils are on summits and side slopes at slightly higher elevations than the Dothan soils and do not have a significant accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Dothan sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; about 5 miles east of Luverne; 1,280 feet east and 2,200 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 19, T. 9 N., R. 19 E.; USGS Glenwood topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 45 minutes 10 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 11 minutes 30 seconds W.

• Ap1—0 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Ap2—2 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bt1—9 to 20 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—20 to 35 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btv1—35 to 48 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent masses of nodular plinthite; about 3 percent fine ironstone pebbles; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common fine faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btv2—48 to 65 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent masses of nodular plinthite; about 5 percent fine ironstone pebbles; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.
• Btv3—65 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 15 percent masses of nodular plinthite; about 10 percent fine ironstone pebbles; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Content of plinthite: 5 to 25 percent in the Btv horizon
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—commonly sandy clay loam; fine sandy loam in thin subhorizons in some pedons
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• Btv horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 6 or 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, and gray
  • Texture—commonly sandy clay loam, but ranges to sandy clay or clay loam in the lower part
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Eunola Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy alluvium
• Landform: Low stream terraces
• Landform position: Convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bethera, Bonneau, Ocilla, Pelham, and Rains soils are commonly associated with the Eunola series.

• The poorly drained Bethera and Rains soils are on terraces at lower elevations than the Eunola soils.
• The Bonneau, Ocilla, and Pelham soils are on terraces at higher elevations than the Eunola soils and have a thick, sandy epipedon.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Eunola sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded; about 1 mile south of Mulberry; 2,000 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 11, T. 7 N., R. 16 E.; USGS Leon topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 35 minutes 1 second N. and long. 86 degrees 25 minutes 28 seconds W.

• Ap1—0 to 3 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy loam; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Ap2—3 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• E—6 to 10 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—10 to 16 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—16 to 23 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—23 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse prisms parting to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine soft masses of iron and manganese oxides; few medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; common prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt4—32 to 46 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—46 to 53 inches; 45 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), 35 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and 20 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; areas of light brownish gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C1—53 to 64 inches; 45 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), 35 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and 20 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; massive; friable; many fine flakes of mica; areas of light brownish gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—64 to 80 inches; 45 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 35 percent gray (10YR 6/1), and 20 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; massive; firm; many fine flakes of mica; areas of gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 40 inches
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 4
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or fine sandy loam
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, yellow, red, and gray
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, yellow, red, and gray
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, yellow, red, and gray
  • Texture—commonly sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam; sand or loamy sand in some pedons
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red

Faceville Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Clayey sediments
• Landform: Ridges
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 2 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Greenville, Nankin, Orangeburg, and Springhill soils are commonly associated with the Faceville series.

• The Greenville soils are in positions similar to those of the Faceville soils but have a dark red or dark reddish brown kandic horizon.
• The Nankin and Springhill soils are on dissected side slopes. The Nankin soils have a significant decrease in the content of clay within a depth of 60 inches. The Springhill soils are fine-loamy.
• The Orangeburg soils are in positions similar to those of the Faceville soils but are fine-loamy.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Faceville fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; about 2 miles west of Rutledge; 2,200 feet south and 1,200 west of the northeast corner of sec. 4, T. 8 N., R. 17 E.; USGS Luverne topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 41 minutes 52 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 21 minutes 34 seconds W.

• Ap1—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Ap2—3 to 8 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—8 to 20 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—20 to 32 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—32 to 45 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt4—45 to 60 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt5—60 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct dark red (10R 3/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime has been applied
• Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay or sandy clay

Fuquay Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface layers and moderately slow in the subsoil
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy sediments
• Landform: Ridges and high stream terraces
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 0 to 8 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Arenic Plinthic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bonifay, Compass, Cowarts, and Dothan soils are commonly associated with the Fuquay series.

• The Bonifay soils are in positions similar to those of the Fuquay soils but have a sandy epipedon that ranges from 40 to 80 inches in thickness.
• The Compass and Dothan soils are in positions similar to those of the Fuquay soils but do not have a thick, sandy epipedon.
• The Cowarts soils are on dissected side slopes and do not have a thick, sandy epipedon.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Fuquay loamy fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes; about 2 miles north of Leon; 3,000 feet west and 200 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 30, T. 8 N., R. 16 E.; USGS Leon topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 37 minutes 30 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 29 minutes 30 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 4 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy fine sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• E1—4 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy fine sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E2—10 to 30 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; common thin streaks of uncoated sand; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—30 to 40 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—40 to 53 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btv1—53 to 68 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent masses of nodular plinthite; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btv2—68 to 80 inches; 30 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 30 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), 20 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and 20 percent red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent masses of nodular plinthite; areas of light brownish gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Thickness of the sandy epipedon: 20 to 40 inches
• Content of plinthite: 5 to 25 percent in the Btv horizon
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface and subsurface layers in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• E horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or sand
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red
• Btv horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 6 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of yellow, red, gray, and brown
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red

Greenville Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Clayey sediments
• Landform: Ridges
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 0 to 15 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Faceville, Nankin, Orangeburg, Red Bay, and Springhill soils are commonly associated with the Greenville series.

• The Faceville and Red Bay soils are in positions similar to those of the Greenville soils. The Faceville soils do not have a dark red or dark reddish brown kandic horizon. The Red Bay soils are fine-loamy.
• The Nankin and Springhill soils are on dissected side slopes. The Nankin soils do not have a dark red or dark reddish brown kandic horizon. The Springhill soils are fine-loamy.
• The Orangeburg soils are on summits and side slopes at slightly higher elevations than the Greenville soils and are fine-loamy.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Greenville sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; about 2 miles southwest of Fullers Crossroads; 2,700 feet east and 2,100 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 27, T. 10 N., R. 17 E.; USGS Fullers Crossroads topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 48 minutes 10 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 21 minutes 20 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 8 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—8 to 40 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—40 to 80 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 4 to 6
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—sandy clay or clay

Halso Series

• Depth class: Deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Very slow
• Parent material: Clayey marine sediments
• Landform: Ridges and hillslopes
• Landform position: Summits and side slopes
• Slope: 2 to 20 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Arundel, Fuquay, Lucy, and Luverne soils are commonly associated with the Halso series.

• The moderately deep Arundel soils are in positions similar to those of the Halso soils but are at lower elevations.
• The Fuquay and Lucy soils are on summits and side slopes at higher elevations than the Halso soils and have a thick, sandy epipedon.
• The very deep, well drained Luverne soils are in positions similar to those of the Halso soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Halso fine sandy loam, 8 to 20 percent slopes, eroded; about 3 miles south of Luverne; 2,100 feet east and 300 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 29, T. 8 N., R. 18 E.; USGS Luverne topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 38 minutes 18 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 16 minutes 38 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bt1—5 to 15 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; strong fine and medium angular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; many pressure faces; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—15 to 25 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; strong fine and medium angular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; many pressure faces; few fine distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—25 to 34 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; strong fine and medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine, medium, and coarse roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; many pressure faces; common medium distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—34 to 43 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay; weak coarse angular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many pressure faces; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in horizontal bands; very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary.
• C/B—43 to 52 inches; 80 percent gray (10YR 6/1) clay (C); weak thin platy rock structure; firm; 20 percent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay (B); weak medium angular blocky structure; firm; common medium distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cr—52 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clayey shale; strong thick platy rock structure; very firm; many medium and coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), red (2.5YR 4/6), and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation on structural surfaces; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 30 to 50 inches
• Depth to bedrock: 40 to 60 inches to soft shale or clayey, shale-like sediments
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• BA or BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, or loam
• Bt horizon and B part of the C/B horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay or silty clay
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray, red, brown, or yellow
  • Texture—clay, clay loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• C horizon and C part of the C/B horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 6
  • Texture—clay, clay loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• Cr horizon:
  • Type of bedrock—weathered shale or shale-like sediments; massive or platy rock structure
  • Other distinctive features—can be excavated with light-weight mechanical equipment and can be cut with hand tools with difficulty

Hannon Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Very slow
• Parent material: Acid, clayey sediments and the underlying beds of thinly stratified, alkaline, loamy and clayey sediments, chalk, and marl
• Landform: Ridges, hillslopes, and knolls
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 2 to 35 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Hapluderts

Commonly Associated Soils

Brantley, Leeper, Marietta, and Sumter soils are commonly associated with the Hannon series.

• The Brantley soils are on summits and side slopes at higher elevations than the Hannon soils and are acid throughout.
• The clayey Leeper and loamy Marietta soils are on flood plains.
• The moderately deep Sumter soils are in positions similar to those of the Hannon soils but are fine-loamy.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Hannon clay, in an area of Hannon-Sumter complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, eroded; about 1.9 miles southwest of Sellers; 600 feet east and 2,050 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 12, T. 12 N., R. 17 E.; USGS Lapine topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 1 minute 56 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 19 minutes 6 seconds W.

• A—0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1) clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine and medium roots; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btss1—3 to 12 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; strong fine and medium angular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; common intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; few faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btss2—12 to 18 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay; strong fine and medium angular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; common intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; few faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) iron depletions; few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btss3—18 to 22 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) clay; strong fine and medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine, medium, and coarse roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common large intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; common medium and coarse distinct light grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions on surfaces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—22 to 27 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) clay loam; moderate fine and medium angular blocky structure; firm; few medium and coarse roots; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; many fine and medium soft masses of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
• C1—27 to 34 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) clay loam; moderate medium platy rock structure parting to moderate medium and coarse angular blocky; firm; many very fine flakes of mica; many medium soft masses of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—34 to 44 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium platy rock structure parting to moderate medium and coarse angular blocky structure; firm; many medium soft masses of calcium carbonate; common medium prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; moderately alkaline; strongly effervescent; gradual wavy boundary.
• C3—44 to 61 inches; sandy clay loam, brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) interior and light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) exterior; moderate medium platy rock structure; firm; many fractures; common medium distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; moderately alkaline; strongly effervescent; gradual wavy boundary.
• C4—61 to 80 inches; loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) interior and light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) exterior; moderate medium platy rock structure; firm; many fractures; common medium distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

• Depth to secondary carbonates: 12 to 30 inches
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 4
  • Reaction—extremely acid to neutral
• Btss horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—clay, silty clay, or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
  • Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral
• Btss horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay, silty clay, clay loam, or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
  • Reaction—strongly acid to slightly alkaline
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray, red, brown, or olive
  • Texture—clay, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, olive, or red
  • Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 8
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or sandy loam; strata of chalk, marl, or shell in some pedons
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, olive, or red
  • Reaction—slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Iuka Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: High parts of natural levees
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Aquic Udifluvents

Commonly Associated Soils

Bibb, Kinston, Mantachie, and Marietta soils and Fluvaquents are commonly associated with the Iuka series.

• The poorly drained Bibb and Kinston soils and the very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in low positions in backswamps.
• The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie and moderately well drained Marietta soils are on natural levees in slightly lower positions than the Iuka soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Iuka fine sandy loam, in an area of Mantachie, Kinston, and Iuka soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; about 2 miles southwest of Luverne; 2,800 feet north and 2,000 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 12, T. 8 N., R. 17 E.; USGS Luverne topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 40 minutes 0 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 19 minutes 10 seconds W.

• A1—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary.
• A2—5 to 9 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C1—9 to 18 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam; massive; friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—18 to 30 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) fine sandy loam; massive; friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; few fine flakes of mica; few fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C3—30 to 39 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) fine sandy loam; massive; friable; few fine and medium roots; many fine flakes of mica; few thin strata of loamy fine sand; common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C4—39 to 49 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) sandy clay loam; massive; friable; many fine flakes of mica; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg1—49 to 56 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) sandy clay loam; massive; friable; few thin strata of loamy fine sand; many fine flakes of mica; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg2—56 to 62 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) sandy clay loam; massive; friable; common thin strata of loamy fine sand; many fine flakes of mica; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg3—62 to 80 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) clay loam; massive; friable; many fine flakes of mica; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; extremely acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• C horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, and yellow
• C horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, yellow, and gray
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, and yellow
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray, brown, and yellow
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, and yellow

Kinston Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Flat and concave slopes on backswamps
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, acid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts

Commonly Associated Soils

Bibb, Iuka, Mantachie, and Marietta soils and Fluvaquents are commonly associated with the Kinston series.

• The Bibb soils are in positions similar to those of the Kinston soils but are coarse-loamy.
• The moderately well drained Iuka and Marietta soils and the somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils are on natural levees.
• The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in sloughs or other depressional positions and are ponded for long or very long periods.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Kinston loam, in an area of Mantachie, Kinston, and Iuka soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; about 2 miles southwest of Luverne; 2,300 feet west and 1,400 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 12, T. 8 N., R. 17 E.; USGS Luverne topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 41 minutes 0 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 19 minutes 10 seconds W.

• A—0 to 5 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many medium and coarse roots; few medium concretions of iron and manganese oxides; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation lining channels; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bg1—5 to 18 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; few root channels filled with brown (10YR 4/3) loam; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation throughout; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bg2—18 to 30 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few fine flakes of mica; few root channels filled with grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; many fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation throughout; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg1—30 to 38 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy clay loam; massive; friable; common very fine and fine roots; few fine flakes of mica; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation lining pores and root channels; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg2—38 to 50 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam; massive; firm; few fine flakes of mica; few fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation throughout; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg3—50 to 62 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; massive; firm; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg4—62 to 72 inches; gray (N 5/0) clay loam; massive; firm; few fine flakes of mica; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg5—72 to 80 inches; gray (N 5/0) sandy clay loam; massive; firm; many fine flakes of mica; common thin strata of light brownish gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 3
• Bg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2; or neutral in hue and value of 4 to 6
  • Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam; strata of finer or coarser textured material in many pedons
  • Redoximorphic features—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, and red

Leeper Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Clayey alluvium
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Backswamps
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts

Commonly Associated Soils

Brantley, Casemore, Hannon, Iuka, Marietta, and Sumter soils are commonly associated with the Leeper series.

• The well drained Brantley and Sumter soils and the moderately well drained Hannon soils are on hillslopes and ridges.
• The Casemore soils are on low stream terraces and are fine-loamy.
• The moderately well drained, loamy Iuka and Marietta soils are on natural levees.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Leeper loam, in an area of Leeper-Marietta complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded; about 2 miles north of Highland Home; 2,020 feet south and 2,670 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 12, T. 12 N., R. 17 E.; USGS Sellers topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 1 minute 56 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 18 minutes 35 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bw—3 to 12 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; common fine and few medium roots; common medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
• Bg—12 to 30 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many pressure faces; few faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic stains in root channels and on vertical faces of peds; common medium faint gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
• Bssg1—30 to 50 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; many pressure faces; few large intersecting slickensides that have faintly striated surfaces; common medium distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2) stains of iron and manganese oxides on faces of peds; common coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
• Bssg2—50 to 62 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; weak coarse angular blocky structure; firm; many pressure faces; few large intersecting slickensides that have faintly striated surfaces; common medium distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2) stains of iron and manganese oxides on faces of peds; many coarse distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and common coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
• C—62 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay; massive; firm; many pressure faces; common large intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; few fine and medium nodules of calcium carbonate; common medium faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 20 to more than 60 inches
• Reaction: Slightly acid to moderately alkaline throughout the profile
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3
• Bw horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, olive, and gray
  • Texture—clay loam, silty clay, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of brown and gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, olive, and gray
• Bg and Bssg horizons:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of brown and gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, olive, and gray
• C or Cg horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of brown and gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, olive, and gray

Lucy Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface layer and moderate in the subsoil
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy sediments
• Landform: Ridges, knolls, and hillslopes
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 0 to 35 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Arenic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Luverne, Nankin, Orangeburg, Springhill, and Troup soils are commonly associated with the Lucy series.

• The Luverne, Nankin, Orangeburg, and Springhill soils are in positions similar to those of the Lucy soils but do not have a thick, sandy epipedon.
• The Troup soils are in positions similar to those of the Lucy soils but have a sandy epipedon that ranges from 40 to 80 inches in thickness.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Lucy loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes; about 1 mile south of Joquin; 500 feet west and 1,400 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 8, T. 9 N., R. 19 E.; USGS Petrey topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 46 minutes 10 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 10 minutes 0 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 6 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• E1—6 to 14 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• E2—14 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; few thin streaks and splotches of uncoated sand; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt1—25 to 32 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—32 to 41 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation that are relict redoximorphic features; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—41 to 65 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few thin streaks of light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay depletions; the clay depletions and masses of iron accumulation are relict redoximorphic features; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt4—65 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; few medium faint yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few thin streaks of light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay depletions; the clay depletions and masses of iron accumulation are relict redoximorphic features; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Thickness of the sandy epipedon: 20 to 40 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface and subsurface layers in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4
• E horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—loamy sand or loamy fine sand
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron or clay depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red; all of which are relict redoximorphic features

Luverne Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Stratified clayey and loamy marine sediments
• Landform: Ridges and hillslopes
• Landform position: Summits, backslopes, and shoulder slopes
• Slope: 2 to 35 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Arundel, Halso, Lucy, Smithdale, Troup, and Williamsville soils are commonly associated with the Luverne series.

• The moderately deep Arundel and deep Halso soils are in positions similar to those of the Luverne soils but are commonly at lower elevations.
• The Lucy and Troup soils are in positions similar to those of the Luverne soils but have a thick, sandy epipedon overlying a loamy subsoil.
• The Smithdale soils are in positions similar to those of the Luverne soils but are fine-loamy.
• The Williamsville soils are in positions similar to those of the Luverne soils but have fragments of fossil shell and accumulations of glauconitic sand in the solum.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Luverne sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes; about 4.5 miles northwest of Mulberry; 1,200 feet west and 500 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 6, T. 7 N., R. 16 E.; USGS Leon topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 37 minutes 28 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 30 minutes 20 seconds W.

• Ap1—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Ap2—4 to 7 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bt1—7 to 16 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay; strong medium subangular and angular blocky structure; firm; common medium and few fine and coarse roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—16 to 21 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine flakes of mica; few medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—21 to 34 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of mica; few medium distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—34 to 45 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine flakes of mica; common medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C1—45 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy loam; massive; thinly bedded; friable; few fine roots; many fine flakes of mica; few thin strata of gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—60 to 82 inches; stratified strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy loam and gray (10YR 6/1) loamy sand; massive; friable; few fine roots; many fine flakes of mica; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 20 to 50 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime has been applied
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—clay loam, clay, or sandy clay
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of yellow, red, and brown
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, clay, or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of yellow, red, gray, and brown
  • Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of yellow, red, brown, and gray
  • Texture—loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam or stratified with these textures
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red

Malbis Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Loamy sediments
• Landform: Ridges
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 1 to 8 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Plinthic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Luverne, Orangeburg, and Smithdale soils are commonly associated with the Malbis series.

• The Luverne and Smithdale soils are on dissected side slopes. The Luverne soils have a clayey argillic horizon. The Smithdale soils do not have a significant accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil.
• The Orangeburg soils are on summits and side slopes at slightly higher elevations than the Malbis soils and do not have a significant accumulation of plinthite in the subsoil.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Malbis fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes; about 5.5 miles southwest of Honoraville; 2,125 feet east and 1,860 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 10, T. 9 N., R. 16 E.; USGS Honoraville topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 46 minutes 8 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 26 minutes 22 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• BE—10 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt—15 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btv1—28 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent fine and medium masses of nodular plinthite; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btv2—45 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 15 percent fine and medium masses of nodular plinthite; common fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and common fine and medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas where lime has been applied
• Other distinctive properties: Depth to a horizon that has 5 percent or more plinthite ranges from 24 to 54 inches
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• BA or BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, red, or yellow
• Btv horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 6 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, red, yellow, and gray
  • Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, red, or yellow

Mantachie Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly dr