Bama Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy sediments
• Landform: High stream terraces; ridges
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and side slopes
• Slope: 0 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Colwell, Lucedale, Luverne, Savannah, and Smithdale soils are commonly associated with the Bama series.

• The Colwell soils are in positions similar to those of the Bama soils but have a dark red, clayey argillic horizon.
• The Lucedale soils are in positions similar to those of the Bama soils but have a dark red argillic horizon.
• The Luverne soils are on side slopes and ridges at the lower elevations and have a clayey argillic horizon.
• The Savannah soils are in positions similar to those of the Bama soils but are at lower elevations and have a fragipan.
• The Smithdale soils are on side slopes and have a decrease in clay content of 20 percent or more within a depth of 60 inches.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Bama fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 0.2 mile northwest of Sawyerville; 200 feet west and 2,000 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 36, T. 21 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Sawyerville topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 45 minutes 9 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 43 minutes 48 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• BE—7 to 12 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—12 to 28 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—28 to 40 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common web-shaped black stains of iron and manganese oxides on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—40 to 56 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common web-shaped black stains of iron and manganese oxides on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt4—56 to 65 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt5—65 to 72 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—72 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Relic redoximorphic features (where present)—few or common iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, yellow, or brown

Bassfield Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately rapid
• Parent material: Loamy and sandy, fluvial sediments
• Landform: Low stream terraces
• Landform position: Convex slopes on summits
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bigbee, Cahaba, Columbus, Mooreville, Una, and Urbo soils are commonly associated with the Bassfield series.

• The sandy, excessively drained Bigbee soils are in positions similar to those of the Bassfield soils.
• The Cahaba soils are in positions similar to those of the Bassfield soils but are fine-loamy.
• The moderately well drained Columbus and Mooreville soils are in slightly lower, less convex positions than those of the Bassfield soils and are fine-loamy.
• The clayey, poorly drained Una and somewhat poorly drained Urbo soils are on flood plains.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Bassfield sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded; about 3 miles west of Cedarville; 2,200 feet west and 2,200 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 19, T. 19 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Casemore topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 36 minutes 22 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 43 minutes 10 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bt1—7 to 18 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—18 to 38 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C1—38 to 46 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loamy sand; massive; thinly bedded; very friable; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—46 to 65 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand; massive; thinly bedded; very friable; few thin strata of uncoated sand; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C3—65 to 80 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) sand; single grained; loose; few thin strata of yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) loamy sand; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 36 to 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—loamy sand or sand; commonly stratified

Bibb Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Concave slopes in backswamps
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Typic Fluvaquents

Commonly Associated Soils

Fluvaquents and Iuka, Kinston, and Mantachie soils are commonly associated with the Bibb series.

• The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in oxbows and deep swales that are subject to ponding of long or very long duration.
• The moderately well drained Iuka soils are on natural levees at higher elevations than the Bibb soils.
• The Kinston soils are in positions similar to those of the Bibb soils but are fine-loamy.
• The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils are in slightly higher, more convex positions than those of the Bibb soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Bibb fine sandy loam, in an area of Bibb-Iuka complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; about 2 miles west of Melton; 1,800 feet west and 1,200 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 6, T. 20 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Melton topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 44 minutes 26 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 43 minutes 4 seconds W.

• A—0 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in root channels; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Ag—2 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in root channels; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg1—8 to 18 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; massive; very friable; common fine and few medium roots; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in root channels; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg2—18 to 50 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; massive; very friable; common fine and few medium roots; common thin strata of brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg3—50 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sand; massive; very friable; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the underlying soil material: More than 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• Ag horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow; few to many soft masses and/or concretions of iron and manganese oxides
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5BG, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—sandy loam, loam, or silt loam in the upper part and sandy loam, loamy sand, or sand in the lower part; thin strata of finer or coarser textured material in many pedons
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow; few to many soft masses and/or concretions of iron and manganese oxides

Bigbee Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Excessively drained
• Permeability: Rapid
• Parent material: Sandy alluvium
• Landform: Low stream terraces; flood plains
• Landform position: Convex slopes on terraces and on natural levees along flood plains
• Slope: 0 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Thermic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments

Commonly Associated Soils

Bassfield, Cahaba, Columbus, Riverview, and Urbo soils are commonly associated with the Bigbee series.

• The coarse-loamy Bassfield and fine-loamy Cahaba soils are in positions similar to those of the Bigbee soils on terraces.
• The loamy, moderately well drained Columbus soils are in the slightly lower positions on terraces.
• The loamy, Riverview soils are in slightly lower positions than those of the Bigbee soils on natural levees.
• The clayey, somewhat poorly drained Urbo soils are in the lower positions on flood plains.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Bigbee loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes, occasionally flooded; 4.5 miles west of Evansville; 500 feet east and 1,200 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 29, T. 22 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Warrior Dam topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 51 minutes 29 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 48 minutes 50 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• C1—6 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; massive; very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• C2—12 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grained; loose; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• C3—28 to 68 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand; single grained; loose; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• C4—68 to 80 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand; single grained; loose; common splotches and streaks of very pale brown (10YR 8/3) iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the sandy material: More than 80 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• C horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—sand, loamy sand, or fine sand
• C horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 6 to 8, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—sand or fine sand
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or yellow

Boykin Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface layers and moderate in the subsoil
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy sediments
• Landform: Hillslopes
• Landform position: Side slopes, shoulder slopes, and footslopes
• Slope: 5 to 35 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Arenic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Maubila, Smithdale, and Wadley soils are commonly associated with the Boykin series.

• The clayey, moderately well drained Maubila soils are in positions similar to those of the Boykin soils.
• The Smithdale soils are in positions similar to those of the Boykin soils but do not have a thick, sandy epipedon.
• The somewhat excessively drained Wadley soils are in positions similar to those of the Boykin soils but have a sandy epipedon that ranges from 40 to 80 inches in thickness.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Boykin loamy fine sand in an area of Wadley-Smithdale-Boykin complex, 5 to 20 percent slopes; about 1.2 miles north of Phipps; 800 feet west and 2,200 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 19, T. 23 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Moundville East topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 57 minutes 10 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 30 minutes 27 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E1—5 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E2—12 to 29 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; about 2 percent quartzite pebbles; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Bt1—29 to 40 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—40 to 62 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt3—62 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent quartzite pebbles; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface and subsurface layers in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• E horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—loamy fine sand or loamy sand
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Cahaba Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy and sandy sediments
• Landform: Low stream terraces
• Landform position: Convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bassfield, Bigbee, Columbus, Mooreville, Una, and Urbo soils are commonly associated with the Cahaba series.

• The coarse-loamy Bassfield soils and the sandy, excessively drained Bigbee soils are in positions similar to those of the Cahaba soils.
• The moderately well drained Columbus and Mooreville soils are in slightly lower positions than those of the Cahaba soils.
• The clayey, poorly drained Una and somewhat poorly drained Urbo soils are in lower positions than those of the Cahaba soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Cahaba fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded; about 5 miles southwest of Melton; 700 feet west and 1,700 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 35, T. 20 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Melton topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 39 minutes 30 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 49 minutes 50 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• BE—7 to 10 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—10 to 21 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—21 to 30 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—30 to 38 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—38 to 46 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C1—46 to 61 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) loamy fine sand; massive; very friable; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C2—61 to 80 inches; stratified yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam and loamy fine sand; massive; very friable; few fine faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 36 to 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or loam
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or loam
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or sand

Casemore Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy alluvium
• Landform: Low stream terraces
• Landform position: Flat and slightly convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Aquic Paleudalfs

Commonly Associated Soils

Faunsdale, Sucarnoochee, and Vaiden soils are commonly associated with the Casemore series.

• The clayey Faunsdale and Vaiden soils are on toeslopes adjacent to the Casemore soils.
• The clayey Sucarnoochee soils are on flood plains.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Casemore fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded; about 1 mile southwest of Casemore; 500 feet west and 300 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 5, T. 18 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Casemore topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 33 minutes 17 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 42 minutes 37 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• BE—5 to 10 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak coarse prisms that part to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt1—10 to 28 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse prisms that part to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds; common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—28 to 44 inches; 35 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), 35 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and 30 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; areas of light olive brown and light brownish gray are iron depletions; areas of strong brown are masses of iron accumulation; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—44 to 52 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; many fine and medium distinct light grayish brown (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions on faces of peds; common fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt4—52 to 70 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common coarse distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and light olive brown (10YR 5/4) iron depletions on faces of peds; common medium and coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt5—70 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions on faces of peds; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral
• BE or BA horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, red, or yellow
  • Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, and gray
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, red, or yellow
  • Reaction—very strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part and moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the lower part

Columbus Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy, fluvial sediments
• Landform: Low stream terraces
• Landform position: Flat and slightly convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bassfield, Bigbee, Cahaba, Riverview, Una, and Urbo soils are commonly associated with the Columbus series.

• The well drained Bassfield and Cahaba soils and the sandy, excessively drained Bigbee soils are in slightly higher positions than those of the Columbus soils.
• The well drained Riverview soils are on natural levees at lower elevations than the Columbus soils.
• The clayey, poorly drained Una and somewhat poorly drained Urbo soils are in the lower positions on flood plains.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Columbus loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded; about 3.8 miles north of Wedgeworth; 1,700 feet east and 600 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 22 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Warrior Dam topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 51 minutes 34 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 41 minutes 31 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E—5 to 8 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium and few coarse roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary
• Bt1—8 to 12 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium and few coarse roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—12 to 19 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium and few coarse roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—19 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt4—24 to 36 inches; 35 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), 30 percent red (2.5YR 4/6), 20 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and 15 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; areas of strong brown, yellowish red, and red are masses of iron accumulation; areas of light brownish gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—36 to 48 inches; 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 25 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), 20 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/6), and 20 percent red (2.5YR 4/6) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; areas of yellowish brown, yellowish red, and red are masses of iron accumulation; areas of light brownish gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C1—48 to 76 inches; 40 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/6), 30 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), 20 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and 10 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; massive; friable; few fine roots; common thin strata of sandy clay loam; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; areas of yellowish red, strong brown, and yellowish brown are masses of iron accumulation; areas of light brownish gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—76 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loamy sand; massive; very friable; few thin strata of uncoated sand; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 35 to 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—loam or sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, red, and gray
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, red, yellow, and gray
  • Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, and gray
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy sand
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow

Colwell Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Clayey, marine or fluvial sediments
• Landform: High stream terraces; ridges
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and side slopes
• Slope: 0 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bama, Lucedale, and Smithdale soils are commonly associated with the Colwell series.

• The loamy Bama and Lucedale soils are in positions similar to those of the Colwell soils.
• The loamy Smithdale soils are on side slopes.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Colwell loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; 5.5 miles southwest of Morgan Springs; 1,700 feet west and 600 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 28, T. 20 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Morgan Springs topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 40 minutes 18 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 28 minutes 41 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 6 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and common medium and coarse roots; many fine fragments of charcoal; common fine and medium concretions of iron and manganese oxides; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Bt1—6 to 14 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common faint dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay films on faces of peds; few thin patchy black coatings of manganese oxide on the faces of peds and in root channels; common fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—14 to 25 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—25 to 40 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on the faces of peds; few fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt4—40 to 56 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on the faces of peds; about 5 percent rounded quartzite pebbles; few fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt5—56 to 80 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine distinct clay films on the faces of peds; about 5 percent rounded quartzite pebbles; few fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation that are relict redoximorphic features; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 80 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3 to 6
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—clay, sandy clay, or clay loam

Conecuh Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Very slow
• Parent material: Clayey, marine sediments
• Landform: Hillslopes and ridges
• Landform position: Convex summits, shoulder slopes, and side slopes
• Slope: 2 to 15 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Luverne and Smithdale soils are commonly associated with the Conecuh series.

• The well drained Luverne soils are in positions similar to those of the Conecuh soils.
• The loamy, well drained Smithdale soils are in slightly higher positions than those of the Conecuh soils on summits and side slopes.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Conecuh loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded; about 4 miles northeast of Sawyerville; 200 feet west and 700 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 27, T. 21 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Sawyerville topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 46 minutes 14 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 39 minutes 39 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—3 to 6 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—6 to 14 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt3—14 to 24 inches; 40 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4), 40 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and 20 percent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; very firm; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of mica; areas of reddish brown and dark red are masses of iron accumulation; areas of light brownish gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btssg1—24 to 53 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common intersecting slickensides with distinct polished and grooved surfaces; many fine prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and few fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btssg2—53 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common intersecting slickensides with distinct polished and grooved surfaces; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg—60 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay; moderate medium platy structure; firm; common fine flakes of mica; few medium and coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation on horizontal faces of peds; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• Bt or Btss horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, brown, and gray
  • Texture—clay or silty clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• Btssg horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—clay or silty clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• C or Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 to 6; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, and gray
  • Texture—clay or silty clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow

Daleville Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Loamy, fluvial sediments
• Landform: High stream terraces
• Landform position: Depressions
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Paleaquults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bama, Lucedale, and Savannah soils are commonly associated with the Daleville series.

• The well drained Bama and Lucedale soils and moderately well drained Savannah soils are in higher, more convex positions than those of the Daleville soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Daleville silt loam, ponded; about 3.5 miles east of Akron; 100 feet west and 300 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 28, T. 22 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Sawyerville topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 51 minutes 34 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 40 minutes 37 seconds W.

• Ag—0 to 5 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in root channels; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Btg1—5 to 25 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg2—25 to 40 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 2 percent rounded quartzite pebbles; common fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), yellowish red (5YR 5/8), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg3—40 to 46 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent rounded quartzite pebbles; common fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), yellowish red (5YR 5/8), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg4—46 to 72 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent rounded quartzite pebbles; common fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile
• Ag or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• Btg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow; few to many soft masses and/or concretions of iron and manganese oxides

Demopolis Series

• Depth class: Shallow
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Very slow
• Parent material: Loamy residuum weathered from chalk
• Landform: Hillslopes and narrow ridges
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, side slopes, and knolls
• Slope: 3 to 12 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, carbonatic, thermic, shallow Typic Udorthents

Commonly Associated Soils

Faunsdale, Okolona, Oktibbeha, Sumter, and Watsonia soils are commonly associated with the Demopolis series.

• The somewhat poorly drained Faunsdale soils are on toeslopes and are very deep to chalk bedrock.
• The moderately well drained Okolona soils are on the more smoothly sloping ridges and are very deep to chalk bedrock.
• The Sumter soils are in positions similar to those of the Demopolis soils but are moderately deep to chalk bedrock.
• The clayey, shallow Watsonia and very deep Oktibbeha soils are in positions similar to those of the Demopolis soils but are acid in the upper part of the profile.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Demopolis silty clay loam, in an area of Demopolis-Sumter complex, 3 to 8 percent slopes, eroded; 4 miles southwest of Melton; 1,100 feet east and 1,000 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 29, T. 20 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Melton topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 40 minutes 55 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 42 minutes 31 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 7 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; common fine flakes of mica; about 5 percent fine and medium concretions of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
• C—7 to 13 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) silty clay loam; massive; friable; few fine roots; common fine flakes of mica; about 5 percent fine and medium concretions of calcium carbonate; about 10 percent chalk fragments; common medium distinct olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
• Cr—13 to 80 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) chalk; strong thick platy rock structure; very firm; common medium prominent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation on structural faces; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 10 to 20 inches
• Depth to bedrock: 10 to 20 inches to chalk bedrock
• Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline throughout the profile
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 3
  • Texture—silty clay loam or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown and yellow
• Cr horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 6
  • Texture—chalk bedrock that is rippable by light machinery

Eutaw Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Very slow
• Parent material: Clayey, marine sediments
• Landform: Broad ridges
• Landform position: Flat and slightly concave slopes on summits
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Dystraquerts

Commonly Associated Soils

Okolona and Vaiden soils are commonly associated with the Eutaw series.

• The moderately well drained Okolona soils are in higher, more convex positions than those of the Eutaw soils and have a thick, dark epipedon.
• The somewhat poorly drained Vaiden soils are in slightly higher, more convex positions than those of the Eutaw soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Eutaw clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about 0.8 mile east of Scott Station; 900 feet west and 500 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 24, T. 19 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Scott Station topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 36 minutes 40 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 25 minutes 29 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; many fine and medium roots; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bssg1—4 to 22 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) clay; moderate medium subangular and angular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few large intersecting slickensides that have faintly striated surfaces; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bssg2—22 to 42 inches; light gray (5Y 7/2) clay; strong coarse angular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots flattened on ped surfaces; common large intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bssg3—42 to 80 inches; light gray (5Y 7/2) clay; moderate very coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; very firm; few fine roots flattened on ped surfaces; many large intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid in the Ap horizon and the upper part of the Bssg horizon, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed, and very strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the lower part of the Bssg horizon
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3
• Bssg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—clay
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow

Faunsdale Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Very slow
• Parent material: Clayey residuum weathered from chalk
• Landform: Hillslopes and ridges
• Landform position: Toeslopes and heads of drainageways
• Slope: 1 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Aquic Hapluderts

Commonly Associated Soils

Casemore, Demopolis, Okolona, Sucarnoochee, and Sumter soils are commonly associated with the Faunsdale series.

• The loamy Casemore soils are on stream terraces adjacent to the Faunsdale soils.
• The shallow Demopolis and moderately deep Sumter soils are in slightly higher, more convex positions than those of the Faunsdale soils.
• The moderately well drained Okolona soils are in slightly higher positions than those of the Faunsdale soils.
• The Sucarnoochee soils are on flood plains and are subject to flooding.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Faunsdale clay loam; 1 to 3 percent slopes; about 2.5 miles southeast of Gallion; 400 feet east and 1,300 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 34, T. 18 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Gallion topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 29 minutes 2 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 40 minutes 18 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; common fine worm channels; common medium concretions of calcium carbonate; common fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
• AB—6 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; common worm channels filled with very dark grayish brown clay loam; few medium concretions of calcium carbonate; common fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bkss1—12 to 28 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; common large intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; few medium concretions of calcium carbonate; common fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) iron depletions; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bkss2—28 to 52 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) clay; strong coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; firm; common large intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; common medium concretions of calcium carbonate; common fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) iron depletions; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bkss3—52 to 64 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay; strong coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; firm; common large intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; common medium concretions of calcium carbonate; common medium concretions of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) and gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions; moderately effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt irregular boundary.
• Cr—64 to 80 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) chalk; strong thick platy rock structure; very firm; common coarse distinct olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) masses of iron accumulation on structural faces; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Neutral to moderately alkaline throughout the profile
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 3
• AB horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 3
  • Texture—silty clay, clay, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or olive
• Bkss horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—clay or silty clay
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or olive
• Cr horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 6
  • Texture—chalk bedrock that is rippable by light machinery

Iuka Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Convex slopes on high and intermediate parts of natural levees
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Aquic Udifluvents

Commonly Associated Soils

Bibb, Kinston, and Mantachie soils and Fluvaquents are commonly associated with the Iuka series.

• The poorly drained Bibb and Kinston soils are in lower, more concave positions than those of the Iuka soils.
• The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils are in slightly lower, more concave positions than those of the Iuka soils.
• The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in deep sloughs, oxbows, and other depressions and are subject to ponding of long or very long duration in most years.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Iuka sandy loam, in an area of Bibb-Iuka complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; about 6 miles southwest of Morgan Springs; 1,300 feet east and 300 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 28, T. 20 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Morgan Springs topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 40 minutes 13 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 29 minutes 10 seconds W.

• A1—0 to 6 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• A2—6 to 8 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; common medium faint light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) iron depletions; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• C1—8 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam; massive; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—12 to 16 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; massive; very friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; few thin streaks of uncoated sand; common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C3—16 to 22 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; massive; very friable; common fine flakes of mica; few thin strata of loamy sand; few thin streaks of uncoated sand; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C4—22 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; massive; very friable; few thin strata of loamy sand; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg1—29 to 44 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; massive; very friable; few thin strata of loamy sand; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg2—44 to 66 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; massive; friable; few thin strata of uncoated sand; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg3—66 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; massive; friable; common thin strata of sand; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the underlying soil material: More than 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam; commonly with thin strata of coarser and/or finer textured material
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam; commonly with thin strata of coarser and/or finer textured material
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow

Kinston Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Flat and concave slopes in backswamps
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, acid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts

Commonly Associated Soils

Bibb, Iuka, and Mantachie soils and Fluvaquents are commonly associated with the Kinston series.

• The coarse-loamy Bibb soils are in positions similar to those of the Kinston soils.
• The moderately well drained Iuka soils are on the high parts of the natural levees.
• The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils are in slightly higher, more convex positions than those of the Kinston soils.
• The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in deep sloughs, oxbows, and swales and are subject to ponding of long or very long duration.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Kinston silt loam, in an area of Mantachie, Iuka, and Kinston soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; about 2 miles south of Harper Hill; 1,900 feet east and 800 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 5, T. 21 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Ingram topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 49 minutes 40 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 36 minutes 8 seconds W.

• A—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bg1—3 to 10 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bg2—10 to 26 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; common fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg3—26 to 38 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg4—38 to 45 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg—45 to 80 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) sandy clay loam; massive; friable; common thin strata of sandy loam; common fine and medium soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few medium prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3
• Bg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray, brown, and red
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, red, or yellow

Kipling Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Very slow
• Parent material: Clayey residuum overlying chalk
• Landform: Ridges
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and side slopes
• Slope: 1 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Paleudalfs

Commonly Associated Soils

Oktibbeha, Subran, Sucarnoochee, Sumter, and Vaiden soils are commonly associated with the Kipling series.

• The moderately well drained Oktibbeha and Subran soils are in slightly higher positions than those of the Kipling soils.
• The Sucarnoochee soils are on flood plains and are alkaline throughout.
• The well drained, moderately deep Sumter soils are in positions similar to those of the Kipling soils but are at higher elevations.
• The Vaiden soils are in the smoother, less sloping positions and are very-fine textured.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Kipling clay loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes; 0.2 mile west of Newbern; 2,500 feet east and 1,000 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 27, T. 19 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Newbern topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 35 minutes 7 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 34 minutes 1 second W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt—5 to 18 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btss1—18 to 28 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) clay; weak coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common large intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btss2—28 to 44 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) clay; weak coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common large intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btss3—44 to 64 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay; moderate coarse angular and subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common large intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; few fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btkss1—64 to 74 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay; weak coarse angular blocky structure; firm; common large intersecting slickensides that have prominent polished and grooved surfaces; common fine and medium concretions of calcium carbonate; common medium concretions of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btkss2—74 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay; weak coarse angular blocky structure; firm; common large intersecting slickensides that have prominent polished and grooved surfaces; many medium concretions of calcium carbonate; many medium concretions of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches to chalk
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in the A and Bt horizons, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed, and slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the Btkss horizon
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• Bt horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 or 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, gray, and red
  • Texture—silty clay, clay, clay loam, or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• Btss horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, gray, and brown
  • Texture—silty clay or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• Btkss horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—silty clay or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow

Lucedale Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy sediments
• Landform: High stream terraces; upland ridges
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and side slopes
• Slope: 0 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Rhodic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bama, Colwell, Daleville, Savannah, and Smithdale soils are commonly associated with the Lucedale series.

• The Bama soils are in positions similar to those of the Lucedale soils but do not have a dark red argillic horizon.
• The Colwell soils are in positions similar to those of the Lucedale soils but have a fine-textured argillic horizon.
• The poorly drained Daleville soils are in round or oblong depressions.
• The moderately well drained Savannah soils are in positions similar to those of the Lucedale soils but are at lower elevations and have a fragipan.
• The Smithdale soils are on side slopes and have a decrease in clay content of 20 percent or more within a depth of 60 inches.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Lucedale fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; 1.5 miles southeast of Akron; 1,800 feet east and 1,400 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 30, T. 22 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Sawyerville topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 51 minutes 1 second N. and long. 87 degrees 43 minutes 27 seconds W.

• Ap1—0 to 3 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Ap2—3 to 8 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Bt1—8 to 23 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine black concretions of iron and manganese oxides; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—23 to 41 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine black concretions of iron and manganese oxides; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—41 to 68 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; about 5 percent rounded quartzite pebbles; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt4—68 to 80 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; about 5 percent rounded quartzite pebbles; common faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam

Luverne Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Stratified clayey and loamy, marine sediments
• Landform: Hillslopes and ridges
• Landform position: Convex summits, shoulder slopes, and side slopes
• Slope: 2 to 45 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Bama, Colwell, Conecuh, Maubila, and Smithdale soils are commonly associated with the Luverne series.

• The Bama soils are on broad ridges at higher elevations than the Luverne soils and are fine-loamy.
• The Colwell soils are on ridges at higher elevations than the Luverne soils, have a dark red argillic horizon, and have kaolinitic mineralogy.
• The moderately well drained Conecuh soils are in positions similar to those of the Luverne soils but have smectitic mineralogy.
• The moderately well drained Maubila soils are in positions similar to those of the Luverne soils but have a significant content of ironstone fragments in the surface layer.
• The Smithdale soils are in positions similar to those of the Luverne soils but are fine-loamy.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Luverne sandy loam in an area of Luverne-Smithdale complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes; 1.3 miles southeast of Wateroak; 800 feet west and 2,100 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 26, T. 22 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Hogglesville topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 53 minutes 7 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 26 minutes 29 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E—4 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bt1—10 to 26 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—26 to 32 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of mica; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—32 to 38 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many fine flakes of mica; few fine fragments of soft, shale-like material; few channers of ironstone; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few fine distinct dark red (2.5YR 3/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine and medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• C1—38 to 48 inches; 35 percent red (2.5YR 4/6), 25 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), 20 percent gray (2.5Y 6/1), and 20 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; massive; thinly bedded; very friable; few thin strata of sand and sandy loam; few channers of ironstone; few fine fragments of soft, shale-like material; many fine flakes of mica; areas of red, strong brown, and yellowish brown are masses of iron accumulation; areas of gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—48 to 56 inches; 30 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), 30 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), 25 percent red (2.5YR 4/8), and 15 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; massive; thinly bedded; very friable; few thin strata of gray (10YR 6/1) clay; few thin strata of sand and sandy loam; few channers of ironstone; few fine fragments of soft, shale-like material; common fine flakes of mica; areas of red, strong brown, and yellowish brown are masses of iron accumulation; areas of light brownish gray and gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C3—56 to 80 inches; 40 percent gray (10YR 6/1), 25 percent red (2.5YR 4/8), 25 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6), and 10 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; massive; thinly bedded; friable; common fine fragments of soft, shale-like material; common fine flakes of mica; few thin strata of strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sand and sandy loam; areas of gray are iron depletions; areas of red, dark yellowish brown, and strong brown are masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 30 to 50 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay, clay loam, or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—few masses of iron accumulation or iron depletions in shades of red or brown
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, brown, and gray
  • Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red or brown
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, brown, and gray
  • Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or sandy loam; commonly stratified
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow

Mantachie Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy alluvium
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Low parts of natural levees; backswamps
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Fluventic Endoaquepts

Commonly Associated Soils

Bibb, Iuka, and Kinston soils and Fluvaquents are commonly associated with the Mantachie series.

• The poorly drained Bibb and Kinston soils are in slightly lower, more concave positions than those of the Mantachie soils.
• The moderately well drained Iuka soils are on high parts of the natural levees.
• The very poorly drained Fluvaquents are in deep sloughs, oxbows, and swales and are subject to ponding of long or very long duration.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Mantachie loam in an area of Mantachie, Iuka, and Kinston soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; about 2 miles south of Harper Hill; 200 feet east and 1,000 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 32, T. 22 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Ingram topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 49 minutes 37 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 36 minutes 8 seconds W.

• A1—0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; moderate fine granular structure; friable; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• A2—2 to 6 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bw—6 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine concretions and soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and many distinct coarse gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bg1—20 to 44 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg2—44 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few thin streaks of uncoated sand; common fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; few fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg—60 to 80 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay loam; massive; friable; common thin strata of sand and sandy loam; many fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strong acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 30 to 65 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, gray, and red
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• Bg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, red, or yellow
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, red, or yellow

Maubila Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Stratified clayey and loamy, marine sediments
• Landform: Hillslopes and ridges
• Landform position: Convex summits, shoulder slopes, side slopes, and knolls
• Slope: 2 to 45 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, subactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Boykin, Luverne, Smithdale, and Wadley soils are commonly associated with the Maubila series.

• The well drained Boykin soils and somewhat excessively drained Wadley soils are on shoulder slopes and footslopes and have a thick, sandy epipedon.
• The well drained Luverne soils are in positions similar to those of the Maubila soils but do not have a significant amount of ironstone fragments in the surface layer.
• The loamy, well drained Smithdale soils are in positions similar to those of the Maubila soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Maubila flaggy loam in an area of Maubila-Smithdale complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes; about 3 miles northeast of Payne Lake; 1,300 feet west and 700 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 25, T. 23 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Payne Lake topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 58 minutes 23 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 28 minutes 10 seconds W.

• A—0 to 2 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) flaggy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; about 25 percent flagstones and channers of ironstone; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• EB—2 to 9 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) flaggy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; about 15 percent flagstones and channers of ironstone; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—9 to 21 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent ironstone channers; common fine flakes of mica; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—21 to 43 inches; 40 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), 30 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 20 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and 10 percent red (10R 4/8) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine, medium, and coarse roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent ironstone channers; common fine flakes of mica; areas of strong brown, yellowish brown, and red are masses of iron accumulation; areas of light brownish gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—43 to 50 inches; 35 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), 25 percent gray (10YR 6/1), 20 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 20 percent red (10R 4/8) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent ironstone channers; few thin strata of sandy clay loam and sandy loam; common fine flakes of mica; areas of strong brown, yellowish brown, and red are masses of iron accumulation; areas of gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• C—50 to 80 inches; 45 percent gray (10YR 6/1), 30 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), 15 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 10 percent red (10R 4/6) clay loam; massive; thinly bedded; friable; about 5 percent ironstone channers; few thin strata of sandy clay loam and sandy loam; common fine flakes of mica; areas of strong brown, yellowish brown, and red are masses of iron accumulation; areas of gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• Coarse fragments: 5 to 35 percent, by volume, flagstones and channers of ironstone in the A and EB horizons; 5 to 10 percent, by volume, channers of ironstone in the Bt horizon; and 0 to 15 percent, by volume, channers of ironstone in the C horizon
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
• EB or BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—loam, sandy loam, flaggy loam, or flaggy sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, and gray
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• C horizon:
  • Color—commonly no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, and gray
  • Texture—commonly sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay; or stratified sand through clay
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow

Mooreville Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy alluvium
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: High parts of low ridges and natural levees
• Slope: 0 to 3 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Fluvaquentic Dystrudepts

Commonly Associated Soils

Bigbee, Cahaba, Columbus, Riverview, Una, and Urbo soils are commonly associated with the Mooreville series.

• The sandy Bigbee soils are in slightly higher positions than those of the Mooreville soil.
• The well drained Cahaba soils and moderately well drained Columbus soils are on low terraces and have an argillic horizon.
• The well drained Riverview soils are in slightly higher, more convex positions than those of the Mooreville soils.
• The clayey, poorly drained Una and somewhat poorly drained Urbo soils are in slightly lower, more concave positions than those of the Mooreville soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Mooreville silt loam in an area of Urbo-Mooreville-Una complex, gently undulating, frequently flooded; about 3 miles west of Evansville; 1,200 feet east and 200 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 32, T. 21 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Melton topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 50 minutes 47 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 48 minutes 40 seconds W.

• A—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• EB—3 to 8 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bw1—8 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bw2—18 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bw3—33 to 46 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bw4—46 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common medium soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C1—52 to 65 inches; 40 percent gray (10YR 6/1), 40 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and 20 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; massive; very friable; few thin strata of sandy loam; many medium soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; areas of strong brown and yellowish brown are masses of iron accumulation; areas of gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—65 to 80 inches; 45 percent gray (10YR 5/1), 40 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and 15 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; massive; friable; few thin strata of sandy loam; many fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; areas of strong brown and yellowish brown are masses of iron accumulation; areas of gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3
• EB or BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—silt loam or loam
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• C horizon:
  • Color—commonly no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray and brown
  • Texture—loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam with thin strata of finer and/or coarser textured materials
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, red, or yellow

Okolona Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Very slow
• Parent material: Clayey residuum weathered from chalk
• Landform: Broad ridges
• Landform position: Summits and shoulder slopes
• Slope: 0 to 3 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Oxyaquic Hapluderts

Commonly Associated Soils

Demopolis, Faunsdale, Sucarnoochee, Sumter, and Vaiden soils are commonly associated with the Okolona series.

• The shallow Demopolis soils and moderately deep Sumter soils are generally in slightly higher positions than those of the Okolona soils.
• The somewhat poorly drained Faunsdale soils are in slightly lower, more concave positions than those of the Okolona soils.
• The somewhat poorly drained Sucarnoochee soils are on flood plains.
• The somewhat poorly drained Vaiden soils are in slightly lower positions than those of the Okolona soils and are acid in the upper part of the profile.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Okolona silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes; about 3.5 miles southwest of Casemore; 1,500 feet east and 100 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 13, T. 18 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Casemore topographic quadrangle; 32 degrees 32 minutes 16 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 44 minutes 26 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine and medium roots; few concretions of calcium carbonate; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
• A—5 to 18 inches; dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; firm; common fine roots; few fine and medium concretions of calcium carbonate; few fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; common medium faint very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) iron depletions in pores; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
• Bkss1—18 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay; moderate very coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; very firm; few fine roots; common large intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; common medium concretions of calcium carbonate; few fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bkss2—24 to 53 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay; moderate very coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; very firm; many large intersecting slickensides that have prominent polished and grooved surfaces; many medium concretions of calcium carbonate; few fine concretions of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bkss3—53 to 66 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay; moderate very coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; very firm; many large intersecting slickensides that have prominent polished and grooved surfaces; many medium concretions of calcium carbonate; few soft white masses of calcium carbonate; common fine concretions and soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium faint light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) iron depletions; moderately effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bkss4—66 to 76 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay; moderate very coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; very firm; many large intersecting slickensides that have prominent polished and grooved surfaces; many medium concretions of calcium carbonate; common soft white masses of calcium carbonate; common fine concretions and soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
• C—76 to 85 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) clay; massive; very firm; many large intersecting slickensides that have prominent polished and grooved surfaces; many medium concretions of calcium carbonate; common soft white masses of calcium carbonate; many fine concretions and soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 40 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches to chalk
• Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline throughout the profile
• Ap and A horizons:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 2 or 3
  • Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
• Bkss or Bss horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—silty clay or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron depletions in shades of brown or gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or olive; few to many soft masses and/or concretions of iron and manganese oxides
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or olive; common or many soft masses and/or concretions of iron and manganese oxides

Oktibbeha Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Very slow
• Parent material: Clayey residuum overlying chalk
• Landform: Ridges
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and side slopes
• Slope: 1 to 8 percent
• Taxonomic class: Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Dystruderts

Commonly Associated Soils

Demopolis, Kipling, Subran, Sumter, Vaiden, and Watsonia soils are commonly associated with the Oktibbeha series.

• The shallow Demopolis soils and moderately deep Sumter soils are in slightly higher positions than those of the Oktibbeha soils.
• The somewhat poorly drained Kipling and Vaiden soils are in lower positions than those of the Oktibbeha soils.
• The Subran soils are in slightly higher positions than those of the Oktibbeha soils and have a mixed clay mineralogy.
• The shallow Watsonia soils are on shoulders and crests of narrow ridges.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Oktibbeha clay loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes; about 1.6 miles southeast of Sawyerville; 700 feet east and 2,000 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 18, T. 20 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Melton topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 42 minutes 20 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 43 minutes 30 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Bt—3 to 10 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to strong medium subangular and angular blocky; very firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btss1—10 to 32 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to strong medium subangular and angular blocky; very firm; few fine roots; common large intersecting slickensides that have distinct polished and grooved surfaces; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btss2—32 to 38 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; very firm; common large intersecting slickensides that have prominent polished and grooved surfaces; common fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bkss—38 to 45 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) clay; moderate very coarse angular blocky structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; very firm; common large intersecting slickensides that have prominent polished and grooved surfaces; common fine and medium concretions of calcium carbonate; common soft white masses of calcium carbonate; common fine soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
• B/C—45 to 63 inches; 60 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay (B); weak very coarse angular blocky structure; very firm; many medium soft masses of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; many soft black masses of iron and manganese oxides; 40 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) weathered chalk (C); weak medium platy rock structure; firm; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear irregular boundary.
• 2Cr—63 to 80 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) chalk; moderate thick platy rock structure; very firm; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 40 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
• Depth to horizon with secondary carbonates: 30 to 50 inches
• Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—clay loam or clay
  • Reaction—very strongly acid to neutral
• Bt horizon and upper part of the Btss horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—clay
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—few iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of red or brown
  • Reaction—extremely acid to strongly acid
• Btss horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red or brown
  • Reaction—very strongly acid to slightly acid
• Bkss horizon and B part of B/C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—silty clay or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few, common, or many iron depletions in shades of gray or brown and masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow
  • Reaction—neutral to moderately alkaline
• C horizon and C part of B/C horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 6
  • Texture—clay or weathered chalk
  • Reaction—moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline
• 2Cr horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 6
  • Texture—chalk bedrock that is rippable by light machinery

Riverview Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified loamy alluvium
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Convex slopes on high parts of natural levees
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Fluventic Dystrudepts

Commonly Associated Soils

Bigbee, Mooreville, Una, and Urbo soils are commonly associated with the Riverview series.

• The sandy Bigbee soils are in slightly higher positions than those of the Riverview soils on the natural levees.
• The moderately well drained Mooreville soils are in slightly lower positions than those of the Riverview soils.
• The clayey, poorly drained Una and somewhat poorly drained Urbo soils are in lower positions than those of the Riverview soils.

Typical Pedon

Typical pedon of Riverview fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded; about 0.75 mile south of Moscow; 300 feet west and 1,400 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 25, T. 17 N., R. 1 W.; USGS Jefferson topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 24 minutes 48 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 2 minutes 14 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 8 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bw1—8 to 25 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bw2—25 to 39 inc