Albany Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface layers; moderate in the subsoil
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flats
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Fuquay soils, which are in the higher positions, are well drained, and are arenic
• Ocilla soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Albany soils and are arenic
• Plummer soils, which are in the lower positions and are poorly drained

Typical Pedon

Albany sand; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Effingham County, Georgia; USGS Springfield North topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 20 minutes 39.8 seconds N. and long. 81 degrees 21 minutes 27.7 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sand, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; single grained; loose; few fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• E1—7 to 25 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) sand; single grained; loose; few fine and medium roots; few fine distinct yellow (2.5Y 7/6) masses of iron accumulation and light gray (2.5Y 7/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• E2—25 to 42 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) loamy sand; single grained; loose; common medium prominent yellow (2.5Y 7/6) masses of iron accumulation and few fine prominent light gray (2.5Y 7/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary
• E3—42 to 48 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy sand; single grained; loose; few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and many medium prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt1—48 to 56 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few slightly hard lumps or concretions; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; few lenses of light gray sand; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) and common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Bt2—56 to 64 inches; about 25 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), 25 percent light gray (10YR 7/1), 25 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), and 25 percent pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few slightly hard concretions; discontinuous clay films in some pores; sand grains coated and bridged; few fine lenses of light gray (10YR 7/1) sand; the areas of light yellowish brown, yellowish brown, and pale yellow are iron accumulations, and the areas of light gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary
• Btg1—64 to 70 inches; gray (N 6/0) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged; few fine light gray (2.5Y 7/1) lenses of sand; many coarse prominent pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) and yellow (10YR 7/6) and few fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btg2—70 to 88 inches; about 34 percent gray (N 6/0), 33 percent red (10R 4/8), and 33 percent yellow (2.5Y 7/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common medium lenses of light gray (N 7/0) sand; the areas in shades of red and yellow are iron accumulations, and the areas in shades of gray are iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 70 to more than 80 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: None
• Content of plinthite: Less than 5 percent throughout
• Reaction: Extremely acid to slightly acid in the upper part, except where limed; extremely acid to moderately acid in the lower part
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 2 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2; or neutral in hue and value of 2 to 6
  • Texture—sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
• E horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many in shades of gray, yellow, brown, and red
• Eg horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 2 or less; or neutral in hue and value of 1 or 2
  • Texture—same range as the E horizon
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron accumulations in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 4 or 6
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many in shades of gray, yellow, brown, and red
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8; or no matrix color and multicolored in shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many in shades of gray, yellow, brown, and red
• Btg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 1 or 2; neutral in hue and value of 4 to 8; or no matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray, red, yellow, and brown
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many in shades of yellow, brown, and red

Annemaine Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Clayey and loamy sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Stream terraces
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Bigbee and Buncombe soils, which are in the higher levee positions along drainageways and are excessively drained
• Cahaba and Kolomoki soils, which are in the higher positions and are well drained
• Meggett soils, which are in the lower backswamp positions and are poorly drained
• Wahee soils, which are in the slightly lower positions and are somewhat poorly drained

Typical Pedon

Annemaine fine sandy loam; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Wilcox County, Alabama; USGS Crumpstonia topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 04 minutes 19 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 23 minutes 51 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E—5 to 9 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; common fine pores; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—9 to 16 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; red (2.5YR 4/6) ped surfaces; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots and pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—16 to 37 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots and pores; faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine flakes of mica; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and prominent light gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—37 to 49 inches; about 25 percent dark red (2.5YR 3/6), 25 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), 25 percent light gray (10YR 6/1), and 25 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots and pores; few faint clay films on faces of some peds; common fine flakes of mica; the areas of dark red, strong brown, and light yellowish brown are masses of iron accumulation, and the areas of light gray are iron or clay depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C—49 to 74 inches; about 25 percent light gray (10YR 6/1), 25 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), 25 percent dark red (2.5YR 3/6), and 25 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy clay loam; massive; firm; many fine flakes of mica; the areas of dark red, strong brown, and light yellowish brown are masses of iron accumulation, and the areas of light gray are iron or clay depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: None
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid in the A and E horizons; very strongly acid or strongly acid in the B and C horizons
• Other features: Some pedons have a 2C horizon that is loamy sand or sand below a depth of about 50 inches
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8. In some pedons, the upper part of the Bt horizon is less than 7 inches thick and has hue of 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 6 to 8.
  • Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in shades of brown, yellow, and red and iron depletions within the upper 20 inches of the horizon in shades of light gray
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—the same range in hue, value, and chroma as the Bt horizon; or multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, or gray
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, and yellow and iron depletions in shades of gray
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 8; or multicolored with these colors
  • Texture—loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam; or stratified sand to clay with a content of crushed clay of 5 to 25 percent
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, and yellow and iron depletions in shades of gray

Ardilla Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Loamy marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flats
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Fragiaquic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Clarendon soils, which are in the higher positions and are moderately well drained
• Dothan soils, which are in the higher positions and are well drained
• Dunbar soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Ardilla soils and have a clayey subsoil
• Goldsboro soils, which are in the slightly higher positions and are moderately well drained
• Pansey soils, which are in the slightly lower positions and are poorly drained

Typical Pedon

Ardilla fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Houston County, Alabama; USGS Madrid topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 02 minutes 30.5 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 23 minutes 40.2 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 4 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E—4 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; few fine roots and pores; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—9 to 15 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; many small and medium pores; sand grains coated and bridged with clay films; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Bt2—15 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots and pores; sand grains coated and bridged with clay films; few faint clay films on surfaces of peds; many medium distinct light gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions and common medium faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Btx1—30 to 38 inches; about 34 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 33 percent light gray (10YR 6/1), and 33 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak to medium subangular blocky structure; about 45 percent of the volume—the part dominated by yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)—is firm, brittle, and compact; the light gray (10YR 6/1) areas are friable; few fine roots and pores; few faint clay films on vertical and horizontal surfaces of peds; few ironstone pebbles; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Btx2—38 to 60 inches; about 25 percent red (2.5YR 4/6), 25 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), 25 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4), and 25 percent light gray (10YR 6/1) reticulately mottled sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; about 40 to 50 percent of the volume—the areas dominated by red (2.5YR 4/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)—are firm and brittle; the light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and light gray (10YR 6/1) areas are friable; few fine pores; thin patchy clay films on vertical and horizontal surfaces of peds; about 15 percent ironstone pebbles; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 60 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent ironstone pebbles throughout
• Content of plinthite: 0 to 5 percent to a depth of 30 inches and 0 to 15 percent below a depth of 30 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in the upper part; very strongly acid or strongly acid in the lower part
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or coarse sand
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or coarse sand
• BE or BA horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, coarse sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of brown, yellow, and red
• Btx horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant color and multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, and gray
  • Texture—sandy clay loam or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—iron or clay depletions in shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray

Benevolence Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately rapid in the upper part of the subsoil; moderate in the lower part of the subsoil
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Broad ridges and hillslopes
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 15 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Lucy soils, which are in the slightly higher positions and are arenic
• Red Bay, which are in positions similar to those of the Benevolence soils, are rhodic, and are fine-loamy
• Troup soils, which are in the slightly higher positions, are excessively drained, and are grossarenic

Typical Pedon

Benevolence loamy sand; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Randolph County, Georgia; USGS Benevolence topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 54 minutes 33 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 41 minutes 47 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 12 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—12 to 37 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—37 to 47 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; most sand grains coated and bridged with clay; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—47 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 80 inches
• Depth to bedrock: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—loamy fine sand or loamy sand
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4
  • Texture—loamy fine sand or loamy sand
• EB horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 5 or 6
  • Texture—loamy fine sand or loamy sand
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam in the upper part; sandy loam or sandy clay loam in the lower part

Bibb Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvial sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Typic Fluvaquents

Commonly Associated Soils

• Bigbee soils, which are in the higher levee positions and are sandy throughout
• Kinston soils, which are more distant from the drains than the Bibb soils and have a loamy substratum
• Osier soils, which are typically adjacent to the drains and are sandy throughout

Typical Pedon

Bibb sandy loam; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Autauga County, Alabama; USGS Prattville topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 25 minutes 01 second N. and long. 86 degrees 25 minutes 55 seconds W.

• A—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots and pores; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Ag—4 to 12 inches; about 50 percent dark gray (N 4/0) and 50 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; few fine roots and pores; common fine strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) stains around decayed roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg1—12 to 37 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) sandy loam; massive; friable; few fine roots and pores; common thin strata of silt loam to loamy sand; some strata have bits of partially decomposed organic materials; common medium strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) stains around decayed roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg2—37 to 60 inches; gray (N 5/0) silt loam; massive; slightly sticky; common strata of sandy loam and loamy sand; common thin strata with partially decomposed organic materials; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Content and size of rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent, by volume, throughout, but may range up to 35 percent in thin strata below a depth of 40 inches
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3
  • Texture—sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
• Ag horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or neutral in hue and value of 3 to 7
  • Texture—sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
  • Redoximorphic features—none to common iron accumulations in shades of brown and yellow
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5BG, value of 3 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or neutral in hue and value of 3 to 7
  • Texture—the upper part of the Cg horizon is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam or is stratified with these textures. In most pedons, it has thin strata of finer or coarser textured material. The range in texture of the lower part of the Cg horizon includes sand, loamy sand, and loamy fine sand in addition to the textures in the range of the upper part.
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron accumulations in shades of red, yellow, and brown

Bigbee Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Excessively drained
• Permeability: Rapid
• Parent material: Sandy alluvial sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Natural levees
• Landform position: Smooth to convex slopes, typically adjacent to the drain
• Slope: 0 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Thermic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments

Commonly Associated Soils

• Annemaine and Wahee soils, which are in the lower terrace positions, have a clayey subsoil, and are moderately well drained and somewhat poorly drained, respectively
• Bibb soils, which are in the lower positions, have a coarse-loamy subsoil, and are poorly drained
• Buncombe soils, which are in the lower levee positions, more distant from the drains than the Bigbee soils
• Cahaba and Kolomoki soils, which are in terrace positions, are well drained, and have a fine-loamy and clayey subsoil, respectively
• Riverview soils, which are in the lower, smooth positions, have a fine-loamy control section, and are well drained

Typical Pedon

Bigbee loamy sand; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Clay County, Mississippi; USGS Waverly topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 36 minutes 44 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 35 minutes 28 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) loamy sand; single grained; loose; few fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• C1—8 to 17 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/8) loamy sand; single grained; loose, very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• C2—17 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grained; loose; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• C3—32 to 80 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand; single grained; loose; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Content and size of rock fragments: None
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or fine sand
• C horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—loamy sand, sand, or fine sand
  • Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in shades of brown
• C horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 6 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 6
  • Texture—sand or fine sand
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray below a depth of 40 inches and iron accumulations in shades of brown and yellow

Bonifay Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface layers; moderate in the upper part of the subsoil
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Broad ridges
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Grossarenic Plinthic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Fuquay soils, which are in the higher positions and are arenic
• Plummer soils, which are in the lower positions and are poorly drained
• Troup soils, which are in the higher positions, have a red subsoil, and do not have a perched water table
• Wicksburg soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Bonifay soils, have a clayey subsoil, and are arenic

Typical Pedon

Bonifay loamy sand; from the typical pedon located in Barbour County, Alabama; USGS Clayton South topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 24 minutes 25 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 24 minutes 25 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; single grained; loose; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E1—4 to 9 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) uncoated sand grains; single grained; loose; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• E2—9 to 32 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy sand; common distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3) uncoated sand grains; single grained; loose; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• E3—32 to 50 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy sand; single grained; loose; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and common medium distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3) areas of iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btv—50 to 74 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron accumulation; about 20 percent, by volume, plinthite; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 70 to 80 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: Few ironstone pebbles in the surface layer of some pedons
• Content of plinthite: 5 percent or more, starting at a depth of 42 to 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3; or neutral in hue and value of 4 to 6
  • Texture—sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
• E horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of yellow, brown, and red
• Bt horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common areas of iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of yellow, brown, and red
• Btv horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 8; or multicolored in shades of gray, red, yellow, and brown
  • Texture—sandy clay loam or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of yellow, brown, and red and areas of iron depletions in shades of gray

Buncombe Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Excessively drained
• Permeability: Rapid
• Parent material: Sandy alluvial sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Natural levees
• Landform position: Convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Mixed, thermic Typic Udipsamments

Commonly Associated Soils

• Annemaine soils, which are in low terrace positions, have a clayey subsoil, and are moderately well drained
• Bigbee soils, which are in the slightly higher positions and are typically directly adjacent to drains
• Cahaba and Kolomoki soils, which are in the higher terrace positions and have a fine-loamy and clayey subsoil, respectively
• Riverview soils, which are in the lower positions, have a fine-loamy subsoil, and are well drained

Typical Pedon

Buncombe loamy sand; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Catawba County, North Carolina; USGS topographic quadrangle and latitude and longitude unavailable.

• Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; loose; many fine fibrous roots; few fine flakes of mica; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bw1—10 to 13 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) sand; single grained; loose; few fine and medium roots; few medium flakes of mica; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bw2—13 to 16 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) loamy fine sand; single grained; loose; few fine and medium roots; few medium flakes of mica; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bw3—16 to 55 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) sand; single grained; loose; few medium flakes of mica; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• C—55 to 72 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) sandy loam; massive; few medium flakes of mica; few fine and medium strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very friable; moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: Layers of gravel in some pedons in the substratum below a depth of 40 inches
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
• Ab horizon (where present, below 40 inches):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—fine sand to a depth of 40 inches; sand to loam or stratified below 40 inches
  • Mottles (where present)—in shades of gray below a depth of 40 inches; not associated with wetness

Byars Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Very poorly drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Clayey marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Depressions and swamps
• Landform position: Concave to smooth slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Umbric Paleaquults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Dorovan soils, which are in the lower positions and are Histosols
• Grady soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Byars soils or slightly higher, have a thinner surface layer, and are poorly drained

Typical Pedon

Byars sandy loam; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Marion County, South Carolina; USGS Marion topographic quadrangle; lat. 34 degrees 12 minutes 59.8 seconds N. and long. 79 degrees 24 minutes 36.9 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• A—9 to 13 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common fine pores; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Btg1—13 to 21 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; common fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation along old root channels; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg2—21 to 43 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation along old root channels; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg3—43 to 65 inches; about 50 percent dark gray (10YR 4/1) and 50 percent gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg4—65 to 73 inches; about 50 percent dark gray (10YR 4/1) and 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very firm, very sticky; few fine pores; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg—73 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; massive; very firm, sticky; few fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: None
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout
• A and Ap horizons:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1; or neutral in hue and value of 2 or 3
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1; or neutral in hue and value of 2 or 3
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam
• Btg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 7, and chroma of 2 or less; or neutral in hue and value of 2 to 7
  • Texture—clay, sandy clay, clay loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron accumulations in shades of red, brown, and yellow
• BCg horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—variable, ranging from sandy to clayey
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron accumulations in shades of red and yellow
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—variable, ranging from sand to clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron accumulations in shades of red and yellow

Cahaba Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvial sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Stream terraces
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 3 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Annemaine and Wahee soils, which are in the lower positions, have a clayey subsoil, and are moderately well drained and somewhat poorly drained, respectively
• Bigbee and Buncombe soils, which are on natural levees, are sandy throughout, and are excessively drained
• Kenansville soils, which are in the slightly higher positions and are arenic
• Kolomoki soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Cahaba soils and have a clayey subsoil

Typical Pedon

Cahaba sandy loam; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Wilcox County, Alabama; USGS Lee Long Bridge topographic quadrangle; lat. 37 degrees 04 minutes 07 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 23 minutes 41 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; few wormcasts; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• A/B—5 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam (A part) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy loam (B part); weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—9 to 18 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; weak and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and few medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—18 to 53 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of some peds; sand grains are coated and bridged with clay; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C1—53 to 80 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy loam; massive; very friable; few fine roots; common fine flakes of mica; few medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—80 to 90 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) sandy loam; massive; very friable; many fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 36 to 60 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: None
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 8
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam
• BC or CB horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6; or no dominant color and shades of red, brown, and yellow
  • Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam
  • Redoximorphic features—none to common masses of iron accumulation in shades of yellow and brown
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam, commonly interbedded and stratified
  • Redoximorphic features—none to common masses of iron accumulation in shades of yellow and brown and iron depletions in shades of gray

Clarendon Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Loamy marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flats
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Plinthaquic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Ardilla soils, which are in the lower positions, have a fragipan, and are somewhat poorly drained
• Dothan soils, which are in the higher positions and are well drained
• Dunbar soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Clarendon soils, have less plinthite, and are somewhat poorly drained
• Goldsboro soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Clarendon soil and have less plinthite
• Pansey soils, which are in the lower positions and are poorly drained
• Varina soils, which are in the slightly higher positions, have a clayey subsoil, and are well drained

Typical Pedon

Clarendon loamy sand; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Orangeburg County, South Carolina; USGS Felderville topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 25 minutes 28.1 seconds N. and long. 80 degrees 34 minutes 38.8 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• E—8 to 15 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy sand; weak coarse granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; few nodules of ironstone; few medium distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Bt1—15 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; some of the mottled areas are firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few medium faint brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt2—21 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; few medium faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt3—27 to 40 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; common faint clay films on faces of peds; 4 percent plinthite occurring as firm irregular nodules 2 to 22 millimeters in size; common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions; common coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btv—40 to 69 inches; about 33 percent gray (10YR 5/1) and 33 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 15 percent, by volume, plinthite; many coarse prominent red (2.5YR 5/6) and common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btgv—69 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct clay films on faces of most peds; 10 percent plinthite occurring as firm irregular nodules 2 to 50 millimeters in size; many coarse prominent red (2.5YR 5/6), many coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6), and common coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 60 to more than 80 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent, by volume, gravel-sized coarse fragments of ironstone in the A and E horizons and in the upper part of the Bt horizon and 0 to 5 percent in the lower part of the Bt horizon
• Content of plinthite: 5 percent or more, starting at a depth of 24 to 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid in the A horizon and extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the rest of the profile
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Where value is less than 3.5, the horizon is less than 10 inches thick.
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sand
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 4
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sand
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of brown and red
• Btv horizon:
  • Color—10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6; or multicolored in shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray
  • Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of yellow, brown, and red
• Btvg horizon:
  • Color—10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron accumulations in shades of yellow, brown, and red
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—multicolored in shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray
  • Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay

Cowarts Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Loamy and clayey marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Ridges
• Landform position: Smooth to convex slopes
• Slope: 2 to 12 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Dothan soils, which are on the broader ridges and have 5 percent or more plinthite in the subsoil
• Nankin soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Cowarts soils and have a clayey subsoil

Typical Pedon

Cowarts fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Houston County, Alabama; USGS Dothan East topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 10 minutes 28 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 21 minutes 26 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; few fine concretions; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• BE—8 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—12 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—19 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 3 percent, by volume, nodules of plinthite; many coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) and red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C—25 to 60 inches; about 34 percent red (10R 5/6), 33 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 33 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy clay loam with pockets and strata of coarser and finer textured material; massive; very firm; the areas of red and yellowish brown are iron accumulations, and the areas of gray are iron depletions; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: 0 to 30 percent, by volume, iron concretions in the A and E horizons; 0 to 10 percent in the B horizon; and 0 to 15 percent in the C horizon
• Content of plinthite: Less than 5 percent, by volume, throughout
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
• Other features: Some pedons have a 2C horizon of gray clay below a depth of 40 inches.
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or their gravelly analogues
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or their gravelly analogues
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—none to common masses of iron accumulation in shades of yellow, brown, and red
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10R to 10YR, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 8; or multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, or gray
  • Texture—sandy loam to sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, yellow, and brown and few or common iron depletions in shades of gray
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10R to 10YR, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 8; or multicolored in shades of shades of red, brown, yellow, or gray
  • Texture—loamy sand to clay; or layered and pocketed with fine and coarse materials
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, yellow, and brown and few or common iron depletions in shades of gray

Dorovan Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Very poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Highly decomposed, acid organic materials
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Swamps and depressions
• Landform position: Concave to smooth slopes
• Slope: Less than 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Dysic, thermic Typic Haplosaprists

Commonly Associated Soils

• Byars and Grady soils, which are in the slightly higher positions and have a clayey, mineral subsoil
• Plummer soils, which are in the slightly higher positions on the edge of swamps, are poorly drained, and have a sandy, mineral subsoil

Typical Pedon

Dorovan mucky peat; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in George County, Mississippi; USGS Lucedale topographic quadrangle; lat. 30 degrees 53 minutes 14 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 36 minutes 16 seconds W.

• Oe—0 to 3 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) mucky peat consisting of partially decomposed moss, leaves, roots, and twigs; 50 percent fiber after rubbing; slightly sticky; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Oa1—3 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck that remains black (10YR 2/1) when rubbed and pressed; about 30 percent fiber unrubbed and less than 5 percent rubbed; fibers remaining after rubbing are partially decomposed wood 1 to 2 millimeters in size; massive; nonsticky; common roots and partially decomposed limbs; extremely acid; diffuse wavy boundary.
• Oa2—11 to 74 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck that remains black (10YR 2/1) when rubbed and pressed; about 30 percent fiber unrubbed and less than 5 percent rubbed; fibers remaining after rubbing are partially decomposed wood 1 to 2 millimeters in size; massive; nonsticky; few roots; decomposed limbs and twigs; few logs; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg1—74 to 92 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sand; single grained; nonsticky; few partially decayed small fragments of wood; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg2—92 to 108 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sand; single grained; nonsticky; few partially decayed small fragments of wood; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of organic material: 51 to more than 80 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: None
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Extremely acid or very strongly acid in the organic layers and very strongly acid or strongly acid in the C horizons
• Oe horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3; or neutral in hue and value of 2 to 4
  • Texture—mucky peat
• Oa horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 3 or less; or neutral in hue and value of 2 or 3
  • Texture—muck
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—10YR to 5Y, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 2 or less; or neutral in hue and value of 2 to 3
  • Texture—sand, fine sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, clay, or their mucky analogues

Dothan Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Loamy and clayey marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Broad ridges
• Landform position: Smooth slopes
• Slope: 0 to 8 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Ardilla soils, which are in the lower positions, have a fragipan, and are somewhat poorly drained
• Clarendon soils, which are in the lower positions and are moderately well drained
• Cowarts soils, which are on the more convex ridges, have a thinner solum than that of the Dothan soils, and are not plinthic
• Fuquay soils, which are in the slightly higher positions and are arenic
• Varina soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Dothan soils and have more clay in the subsoil

Typical Pedon

Dothan loamy sand, 2 to 5 percent slopes; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Houston County, Alabama; USGS Dothan East topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 12 minutes 51 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 21 minutes 22 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• BE—6 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam; massive in the upper 2 inches, weak medium subangular blocky structure below; very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Bt1—13 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; diffuse smooth boundary.
• Bt2—28 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; few plinthite nodules; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btv—33 to 60 inches; about 20 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), 20 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), 20 percent red (2.5YR 4/8), 20 percent yellow (10YR 7/8), and 20 percent very pale brown (10YR 8/2) variegated sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; compact in place; many fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 15 percent, by volume, red (2.5YR 4/8) nodules of plinthite; the areas of yellowish brown, strong brown, red, and yellow are areas of iron accumulations, and the areas in shades of very pale brown are iron depletions; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 60 to more than 80 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent, by volume, ironstone pebbles in the A horizon and the upper part of the B horizon
• Content of plinthite: 5 percent or more, starting at a depth of 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or sand
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or sand
• BE or BA horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—none to common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or red
• Btv horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 4 to 8; multicolored in shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray; or, below a depth of 40 inches, matrix hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR
  • Texture—dominantly sandy clay loam, but clay loam or sandy clay in some pedons
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, yellow, or red and few or common iron depletions in shades of gray

Dunbar Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Clayey marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flats
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Aeric Paleaquults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Ardilla soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Dunbar soils and have a fragic horizon
• Clarendon soils, which are in the slightly higher positions, have plinthite in the subsoil, and are moderately well drained
• Goldsboro soils, which are in the slightly higher positions and are moderately well drained
• Grady soils, which are in the lower positions and are poorly drained

Typical Pedon

Dunbar sandy loam; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Robeson County, North Carolina; USGS Red Springs topographic quadrangle; lat. 34 degrees 46 minutes 12.7 seconds N. and long. 79 degrees 07 minutes 49.5 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sandy loam; weak medium and fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt—8 to 14 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, plastic and sticky; many fine roots; few fine pores; few faint clay films; few medium distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg1—14 to 20 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, hard, plastic and sticky; few fine roots and pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; many medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg2—20 to 42 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few fine roots and pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg3—42 to 62 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots and pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg—62 to 92 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy clay that has a few pockets of sandy clay loam; massive; firm; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: None
• Content of plinthite: Less than 3 percent throughout
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Where value is 3 or less, the horizon is less than 10 inches thick.
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4; or neutral in hue and value of 4 to 6
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—sandy clay, clay loam, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of red, yellow, or brown
• Btg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2; or neutral in hue and value of 4 to 6
  • Texture—sandy clay, clay loam, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron accumulations in shades of red, yellow, or brown
• BCg horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2; or neutral in hue and value of 4 to 6
  • Texture—sandy clay, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron accumulations in shades of red, yellow, or brown
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or neutral in hue and value of 5 to 7
  • Texture—loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay

Faceville Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Clayey marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Broad ridges
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Nankin soils, which are in more convex positions than those of the Faceville soils and have a thinner solum
• Orangeburg and Red Bay soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Faceville soils and are fine-loamy

Typical Pedon

Faceville fine sandy loam; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Peach County, Georgia; USGS Warner Robins SW topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 34 minutes 41 seconds N. and long. 83 degrees 43 minutes 28 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine and very fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• BA—5 to 11 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt1—11 to 28 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—28 to 34 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
• Bt3—34 to 60 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct and prominent clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; diffuse irregular boundary.
• Bt4—60 to 72 inches; about 34 percent dark red (10R 3/6), 33 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 33 percent very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sandy clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct and prominent clay films on faces of peds; the areas of dark red and yellowish brown are relict and contemporary iron accumulations, and the areas of pale brown are relict and contemporary iron depletions; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent ironstone nodules 3 to 20 millimeters in size in the surface and subsurface horizons
• Content of plinthite: Less than 5 percent below a depth of 40 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 8
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
• BA horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy clay, clay loam, or clay
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8; or multicolored in shades of red, brown, and yellow
  • Texture—sandy clay, clay loam, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—none to common relict and contemporary masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown and yellow and, below a depth of 60 inches, none to common relict and contemporary iron depletions in shades of gray
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Texture—sandy clay loam or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—none to common relict and contemporary masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, and yellow and none to common relict and contemporary iron depletions in shades of gray

Fuquay Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface layers; moderate in the upper part of the subsoil
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Broad ridges and hillslopes
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Arenic Plinthic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Albany and Ocilla soils, which are in the lower positions and are somewhat poorly drained
• Bonifay soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Fuquay soils and are grossarenic
• Dothan soils, which are in the slightly lower positions and are typic
• Pansey soils, which are in the lower depressional positions and on flood plains and are poorly drained

Typical Pedon

Fuquay loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes; from the typical pedon located in Barbour County, Alabama; USGS Louisville topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 45 minutes 21 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 30 minutes 58 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; single grained; loose; few nodules of ironstone; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E1—10 to 22 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy sand; common very pale brown (10YR 7/3) clean sand grains; single grained; loose; few nodules of ironstone; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
• E2—22 to 34 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy sand; single grained; loose; few nodules of ironstone; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt—34 to 44 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak fine subangular structure; very friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few nodules of ironstone; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btv1—44 to 52 inches; about 34 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 33 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and 33 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy loam; moderate medium subangular structure; friable; few clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent, by volume, plinthite; the areas of yellowish brown, strong brown, and yellowish red are masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btv2—52 to 80 inches; about 30 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 25 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), 25 percent red (2.5YR 4/8), and 20 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few clay films on faces of peds; about 20 percent, by volume, plinthite; the areas of yellowish brown, strong brown, and red are masses of iron accumulation, and the areas of light brownish gray are iron depletions; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent, by volume, ironstone fragments throughout
• Content of plinthite: 5 percent or more, starting at a depth of 35 to 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 to 3; or neutral in hue and value of 4 or 5
  • Texture—sand, loamy sand, fine sand, loamy fine sand, or their gravelly analogues
• E horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—sand, loamy sand, fine sand, loamy fine sand, or their gravelly analogues
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—loamy sand, sandy loam, or their gravelly analogues
• Bt or Btc horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
• Btv horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10R to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of red, strong brown, and yellowish brown
• C horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 8; or no dominant color and variegated in shades of yellow, brown, red, and gray
  • Texture—loamy sand or sandy loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many reticulate and contemporary iron accumulations in shades of red and brown and iron depletions in shades of gray

Goldsboro Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy and clayey marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flats
• Landform position: Smooth slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Aquic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Ardilla soils, which are in the lower positions, have a fragic horizon, and are somewhat poorly drained
• Clarendon soils, which are in the slightly higher positions and have plinthite in the subsoil
• Dunbar soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Goldsboro soils, are somewhat poorly drained, and have clayey subsoil
• Grady soils, which are in the lower positions, are poorly drained, and have a clayey subsoil

Typical Pedon

Goldsboro loamy sand; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Wayne County, North Carolina; USGS Goldsboro NE topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 26 minutes 58.1 seconds N. and long. 77 degrees 57 minutes 30.9 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E—8 to 12 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• BE—12 to 15 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky; many fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—15 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine roots; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—25 to 45 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg—45 to 65 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 5/6) and common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
• BCg—65 to 76 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam and strata of sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent in some pedons
• Content of plinthite: 0 to 3 percent throughout
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, sandy loam, loam, or clay loam
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8; or no dominant color and multicolored in shades of brown, yellow, red, and gray
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, sandy loam, loam, clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of yellow, brown, or red
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 5
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of brown or red
• Btg horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, sandy loam, loam, clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron accumulations in shades of yellow, brown, or red and iron depletions in shades of gray
• BCg horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron accumulations in shades of yellow, brown, or red and iron depletions in shades of gray
• Cg horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—stratified sandy, loamy, or clayey
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron accumulations in shades of yellow, brown, or red

Grady Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Clayey marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Depressions and swamps
• Landform position: Concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Paleaquults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Byars soils, which are in the slightly lower positions and are very poorly drained
• Dorovan soils, which are in the lower positions, are very poorly drained, and are Histosols
• Dunbar soils, which are in the higher positions and are somewhat poorly drained
• Goldsboro soils, which are in the higher positions, have a fine-loamy subsoil, and are moderately well drained

Typical Pedon

Grady sandy loam; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Miller County, Georgia; USGS Cooktown topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 11 minutes 03.9 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 32 minutes 37.1 seconds W.

• A—0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; few fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) areas of iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• BE—5 to 11 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy clay loam; pockets of common medium distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots and few medium roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Btg1—11 to 28 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common fine pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Btg2—28 to 62 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 60 to more than 80 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: None
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2; or neutral in hue and value of 2 to 4
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or clay loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or clay loam
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2; or neutral in hue and value of 4
  • Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam
• Btg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or neutral in hue and value of 4 to 7
  • Texture—clay or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of brown and yellow. In some pedons, below a depth of about 30 inches, the Bt horizon is reticulately mottled in shades of gray, brown, and red.

Henderson Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Clayey marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Hillslopes
• Landform position: Smooth to convex side slopes
• Slope: 8 to 20 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Nankin soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Henderson soils and do not have silicified limestone fragments
• Springhill soils, which are in the lower positions and are fine-loamy

Typical Pedon

Henderson gravelly sandy loam; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Randolph County, Georgia; USGS Carnegie topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 42 minutes 44.3 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 51 minutes 13.6 seconds W.

• A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 20 percent, by volume, chert fragments; few stones; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• E—4 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common medium roots; about 20 percent, by volume, chert fragments; strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary.
• Bt1—13 to 18 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly sandy clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common medium roots; about 25 percent, by volume, chert fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary.
• Bt2—18 to 33 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on surfaces of peds; few large roots; many fragments of chert; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
• Bt3—33 to 49 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; many pebbles and fragments of chert; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
• Bt4—49 to 65 inches; 34 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 33 percent light gray (2.5Y 7/2), and 33 percent reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) gravelly clay; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; many pebbles and fragments of chert, few stones; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 60 to more than 80 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: 15 to 50 percent in the A horizon and 15 to 30 percent in the Bt horizons; silicified limestone stones and chert gravel cover 0 to 3 percent of the surface.
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3
  • Texture—gravelly sandy loam or gravelly loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—gravelly sandy loam or gravelly loam
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—gravelly clay, gravelly sandy clay loam, or gravelly sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, and yellow
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8; or, below a depth of 40 inches, no dominant color and multicolored in shades of brown, yellow, red, and gray
  • Texture—gravelly clay, gravelly sandy clay loam, or gravelly sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of red, brown, and yellow and, below a depth of 40 inches, few to many iron depletions in shades of gray

Iuka Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified sandy and loamy alluvial sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Aquic Udifluvents

Commonly Associated Soils

• Kinston soils, which are in the lower positions and are poorly drained
• Mantachie soils, which are in the slightly lower positions and are somewhat poorly drained

Typical Pedon

Iuka fine sandy loam; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Franklin County, Alabama; USGS Halltown topographic quadrangle; lat. 34 degrees 27 minutes 39.9 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 06 minutes 28.1 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• A—7 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; single grained; friable; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C—13 to 22 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam and few thin strata of loamy sand; massive; friable; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg—22 to 60 inches; about 50 percent gray (10YR 6/1) and 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam and lenses of loamy fine sand and loam; massive; friable; few soft dark-colored bodies in lower part; the areas of gray are iron depletions, and the areas of yellowish brown are masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Content and size of rock fragments: None
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
• A and Ap horizons:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, silt loam, or loam
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron depletions in shades of gray within a depth of 20 inches
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 to 4
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or loamy sand
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron accumulations in shades of red, yellow, and brown

Kenansville Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately rapid
• Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvial sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Stream terraces
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Arenic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Cahaba soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Kenansville soils or slightly lower and are fine-loamy
• Kolomoki soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Kenansville soils or slightly lower and are clayey
• Meggett soils, which are in the lower backswamp positions, have a clayey subsoil, and are poorly drained
• Riverview soils, which are in the lower positions on flood plains, have a fine-loamy control section, and do not have a Bt horizon

Typical Pedon

Kenansville loamy sand; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Lenoir County, North Carolina; USGS Ayden topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 24 minutes 14 seconds N. and long. 77 degrees 26 minutes 14 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• E—8 to 24 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt—24 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots and pores; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—36 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; few fine roots and pores; clay coatings on sand grains; few bridgings of sand grains by clay; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C—42 to 84 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sand; single grained; loose; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common medium faint light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: None
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. Where value is less than 3.5, the horizon is less than 6 inches thick.
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or fine sand
• E horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or fine sand
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—dominantly sandy loam or fine sandy loam. Thin layers of sandy clay loam are in some pedons.
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 8
  • Texture—sand or loamy sand

Kinston Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvial sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Smooth to concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, acid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts

Commonly Associated Soils

• Bibb soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Kinston soils and are coarse-loamy
• Iuka soils, which are in the higher positions and are moderately well drained
• Mantachie soils, which are in the slightly higher positions and are somewhat poorly drained
• Osier soils, which are typically adjacent to the drains and are sandy throughout

Typical Pedon

Kinston loam; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Wayne County, North Carolina; USGS Northwest Goldsboro topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 23 minutes 44.6 seconds N. and long. 78 degrees 01 minute 27.8 seconds W.

• A—0 to 5 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many medium and coarse roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Ag—5 to 12 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; massive in place, parts to weak medium granular structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many medium and coarse roots; common fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bg—12 to 48 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few medium roots; silt coatings on walls of coarse pores; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Cg1—48 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; massive; firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few silt coatings on walls of coarse pores; few fine distinct brown (10YR 4/3) and common medium faint light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Cg2—60 to 72 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) gravelly loamy sand; single grained; very friable; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of loamy sediments: 40 to 60 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: None
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3; or neutral in hue and value of 5. Where value is less than 3.5, the horizon is less than 6 inches thick.
  • Texture—loamy sand, loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam
• Ag horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 1; or neutral in hue and value of 5
  • Texture—loamy sand, loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam
• Bg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5BG, value of 3 to 7, and chroma of 2 or less; or neutral in hue and value of 4 to 6
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, silt loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron accumulations in shades of brown and yellow
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5BG, value of 3 to 7, and chroma of 2 or less; or neutral in hue and value of 4 to 6
  • Texture—sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or their gravelly analogues. The sandy textures in the Cg horizon are commonly below a depth of 40 inches, except for thin lenses in some pedons.
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron accumulations in shades of brown and yellow

Kolomoki Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Clayey and loamy alluvial sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Stream terraces
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 3 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Annemaine and Wahee soils, which are in lower terrace positions and are moderately well drained and somewhat poorly drained, respectively
• Bigbee and Buncombe soils, which are in levee positions, are sandy throughout, and are excessively drained
• Cahaba soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Kolomoki soils and have a fine-loamy subsoil
• Kenansville soils, which are in the slightly higher positions and are arenic
• Meggett soils, which are in the lower backswamp positions and are poorly drained
• Riverview soils, which are in lower positions on flood plains and do not have a well developed subsoil

Typical Pedon

Kolomoki fine sandy loam; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Early County, Georgia; USGS Columbia NE topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 28 minutes 33.2 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 03 minutes 52.9 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—8 to 28 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common very fine and fine roots; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Bt2—28 to 35 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains bridged and coated with clay; few fine roots; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C1—35 to 42 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy loam; massive; few very fine roots; common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C2—42 to 65 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sand; single grained; loose; common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 30 to 55 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: None
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand
• BA or BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—clay, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown and yellow
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy clay loam or sandy loam
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—sandy clay loam or sandy loam, or, below a depth of 40 inches, loamy sand or sand
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown and yellow

Lucy Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Rapid in the surface and subsurface layers; moderate in the subsoil
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Ridges and hillslopes
• Landform position: Smooth to convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 20 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Arenic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

• Benevolence and Orangeburg soils, which are in the slightly lower positions and are typic
• Nankin soils, which are in the higher positions, are typic, and have a clayey subsoil
• Springhill soils, which are in the higher positions and are typic
• Red Bay soils, which are in the slightly lower positions and are rhodic
• Troup soils, which are in positions similar to those of the Lucy soils and are Grossarenic

Typical Pedon

Lucy loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Houston County, Alabama; USGS Cottonwood topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 03 minutes 21 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 14 minutes 35 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• E—8 to 24 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bt1—24 to 35 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/8) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt2—35 to 70 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: Less than 10 percent, by volume, rounded quartz gravel plus ironstone nodules
• Content of plinthite: Less than 3 percent throughout
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in the A and E horizons, except where limed, and very strongly acid or strongly acid in the subsoil
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
• E horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 6 to 8. Where hue is 7.5YR or 10YR, the horizon is less than 10 inches thick.
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam.
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam, or, below a depth of about 50 inches, sandy clay
  • Redoximorphic features—none to common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or red

Mantachie Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy alluvial sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Smooth and slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Aeric Endoaquepts

Commonly Associated Soils

• Iuka soils, which are in the higher positions, are coarse-loamy, and are moderately well drained
• Kinston soils, which are in the lower positions and are poorly drained

Typical Pedon

Mantachie loam; from the Official Series Description for the typical pedon located in Lee County, Mississippi; USGS Ratliff topographic quadrangle; lat. 34 degrees 25 minutes 25 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 36 minutes 51 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; few fine red and brown concretions; common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• A—5 to 11 inches; about 34 percent brown (10YR 4/3), 33 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), and 33 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine red concretions; the areas of brown and light yellowish brown are masses of iron accumulation, and the areas of grayish brown are iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bw1—11 to 15 inches; about 34 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), 33 percent brown (10YR 4/3), and 33 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak fine granular and subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine black (10YR 2/1) and brown (10YR 5/3) concretions; the areas of brown and dark yellowish brown are masses of iron accumulation, and the areas of grayish brown are iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bw2—15 to 19 inches; about 50 percent gray (10YR 5/1) and 50 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly plastic; few fine roots; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg1—19 to 29 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly plastic; few fine roots; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg2—29 to 48 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly plastic; few fine roots; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg3—48 to 61 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky; few fine red (2.5YR 5/6) concretions; many fine and medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 30 to 65 inches
• Content and size of rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent, by volume, gravel throughout
• Content of plinthite: None
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
• A and Ap horizons:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6; or no dominant color and multicolored in shades of brown and gray. Where value is 3.5 or less, the horizon is 10 inches thick or less.
  • Texture—clay loam, fine sandy loam, loam, sandy loam, or silt loam
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 6; or no dominant color and multicolored in shades of gray, brown, and yellow
  • Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—few to many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of brown or yellow
• Bg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron accumulations in shades of red, brown, or yellow
• C horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron accumulations in shades of red, brown, or yellow

Meggett Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Clayey marine and alluvial sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Backswamps
• Landform position: Smooth to concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent