Ailey Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Uplands
• Landform position: Narrow ridges; side slopes
• Slope: 2 to 25 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Arenic Kanhapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Cowarts, Lakeland, Maubila, Nankin, and Troup soils are commonly associated with the Ailey series.

• The Cowarts soils are in positions similar to those of the Ailey soils; do not have thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers; and have a solum that ranges from 20 to 40 inches in thickness.
• The Lakeland soils are in the slightly higher positions, are excessively drained, and are sandy throughout.
• The Maubila soils are in positions similar to those of Ailey soils; are moderately well drained; and have a fine control section.
• The Nankin soils are in positions similar to those of the Ailey soils or slightly lower; do not have thick, sandy surface and subsurface layers; and have a fine control section.
• The Troup soils are in the slightly higher positions, are somewhat excessively drained, and have sandy surface and subsurface layers with a combined thickness of 40 to 80 inches.

Typical Pedon

Ailey loamy sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes; about 2,500 feet north of County Road 152, on a side slope adjacent to Collins Mill Creek; Randolph County, Georgia; USGS Brooksville topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 51 minutes 2 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 41 minutes 55 seconds W., NAD27.

• Ap—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots and few coarse roots; about 5 percent, by volume, angular ironstone; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• E1—3 to 14 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and medium and few coarse roots; about 5 percent, by volume, angular ironstone; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• E2—14 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and medium and few coarse roots; about 5 percent, by volume, angular ironstone; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt1—23 to 30 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common medium distinct pockets of very pale brown (10YR 7/3) clean sand grains; about 10 percent, by volume, angular ironstone; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—30 to 42 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few medium distinct pockets of very pale brown (10YR 7/3) clean sand grains; about 12 percent, by volume, angular ironstone; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btx—42 to 47 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; about 80 percent moderate medium subangular blocky structure and 20 percent red (2.5YR 5/6) strong thick platy; firm when moist; platy peds are hard and brittle when dry; few medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of some peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• 2Cd—47 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay loam; massive parting to strong thick platy structure; very firm; few medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of some peds; common medium distinct red (2.5YR 5/6) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) masses in which iron has accumulated; light gray (10YR 7/1) areas from which iron has depleted; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 42 to 60 inches
• Thickness of the sandy epipedon: 20 to 40 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout, except where the surface layer has been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3
  • Texture—loamy sand or sand
• E horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—loamy sand or sand
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—loamy sand or sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Redoximorphic features—no, few, or common iron accumulations in shades of brown and red
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
• Btx horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 6 to 8; or no dominant color and multicolored in shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of brown, red, and yellow
  • Texture—sandy clay loam
  • Other features—brittle and hard bodies, commonly red, make up 10 to 40 percent, by volume, of the horizon.
• Cd or 2Cd horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 8; or no dominant color and multicolored in shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of red, brown, or yellow
  • Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Benevolence Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid
• Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Uplands
• Landform position: Broad ridges; side slopes
• Slope: 0 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Lakeland, Lucy, Orangeburg, Red Bay, and Troup soils are commonly associated with the Benevolence series.

• The Lakeland soils are in the higher positions, are excessively drained, and are sandy throughout.
• The Lucy soils are in positions similar to those of the Benevolence soils and have sandy surface and subsurface layers with a combined thickness of 20 to 40 inches.
• The Orangeburg soils are in positions similar to those of the Benevolence soils and have a fine-loamy control section.
• The Red Bay soils are in positions similar to those of the Benevolence soils or slightly higher, have red hues, and have a fine-loamy control section.
• The Troup soils are in positions similar to those of the Benevolence soils or slightly higher, are somewhat excessively drained, and have sandy surface and subsurface layers with a combined thickness of 40 to 80 inches.

Typical Pedon

Benevolence loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes; in a pine plantation about 3 miles northeast of Benevolence; Randolph County, Georgia; USGS Cuthbert topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 54 minutes 33 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 41 minutes 47 seconds W., NAD27.

• Ap—0 to 12 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—12 to 37 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—37 to 47 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; most sand grains coated and bridged with clay; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—47 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout, except where the surface layer has been limed
• Ap or A horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—loamy fine sand or loamy sand
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4
  • Texture—loamy fine sand or loamy sand
• EB horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 5 or 6
  • Texture—loamy fine sand or loamy sand
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam in the upper part; sandy loam or sandy clay loam in the lower part

Bibb Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Planer or slightly concave areas
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Typic Fluvaquents

Commonly Associated Soils

Cowarts, Kinston, Lakeland, Lucy, Nankin, and Troup soils are commonly associated with the Bibb series.

• The Cowarts soils are on side slopes on uplands and are well drained.
• The Kinston soils are in positions similar to those of the Bibb soils and have a fine-loamy control section.
• The Lakeland soils are on uplands, are excessively drained, and are sandy throughout.
• The Lucy soils are on uplands, are well drained, and have a sandy epipedon that ranges from 20 to 40 inches in thickness.
• The Nankin soils are on side slopes on uplands, are well drained, and have a fine control section.
• The Troup soils are on uplands, are somewhat excessively drained, and have sandy surface and subsurface layers with a combined thickness of 40 to 80 inches.

Typical Pedon

Bibb fine sandy loam in an area of Kinston and Bibb soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; about 3,800 feet west of the Randolph and Terrell County line on County Road 155 and 300 feet north in the Ichawaynochaway Creek flood plain; Randolph County, Georgia; USGS Parrot topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 54 minutes 3 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 36 minutes 48 seconds W., NAD27.

• A—0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg1—5 to 8 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; massive; very friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses in which iron has accumulated; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg2—8 to 13 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sandy loam; massive; friable; few fine and medium and common coarse roots; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses in which iron has accumulated and which have diffuse boundaries; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) areas from which iron has depleted and which have diffuse boundaries; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg3—13 to 21 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy loam; massive; friable; few medium and common coarse roots; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3), light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses in which iron has accumulated and which have diffuse boundaries; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg4—21 to 27 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam; massive; friable; few coarse roots; common medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses in which iron has accumulated and which have diffuse boundaries; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Ab—27 to 45 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy loam; massive; firm; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C´g1—45 to 63 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy loam; massive; friable; common medium distinct pockets and strata of light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clean sand grains; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C´g2—63 to 80 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loamy sand; massive; very friable; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout, except where the surface layer has been limed
• Other features: The buried surface and substratum horizons have the same range in colors and textures as the Ag and Cg horizons.
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3
  • Redoximorphic features—no, few, or common iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of brown
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam
• Ag horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 7, and chroma of 2 or less; or neutral in hue and value of 3 to 7
  • Redoximorphic features—no, few, or common iron accumulations in shades of yellow and brown
  • Texture—loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5BG, value of 3 to 7, and chroma of 2 or less; or neutral in hue and value of 3 to 7
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of brown, yellow, and red
  • Texture—upper part: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam or stratified in these textures; lower part: sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam or stratified in these textures

Bonneau Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Uplands
• Landform position: Ridges and side slopes
• Slope: 0 to 8 percent
• Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Arenic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Norfolk, Orangeburg, and Troup soils are commonly associated with the Bonneau series.

• The Norfolk and Orangeburg soils are in positions similar to those of the Bonneau soils and do not have thick, sandy surface and subsurface horizons.
• The Troup soils are in the slightly higher positions, are somewhat excessively drained, and have sandy surface and subsurface horizons with a combined thickness of 40 to 80 inches.

Typical Pedon

Bonneau loamy sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes; about 0.6 mile northwest of Springvale on County Road 31 and 40 feet west of the road; Randolph County, Georgia; USGS Morris topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 50 minutes 8 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 53 minutes 43 seconds W., NAD27.

• Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium and few coarse roots; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• E1—6 to 12 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• E2—12 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• E3—22 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt1—33 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; about 3 percent, by volume, ironstone nodules; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—52 to 65 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; about 3 percent, by volume, ironstone nodules; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses in which iron has accumulated; common medium distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3) areas from which iron has depleted; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—65 to 72 inches; multicolored, about 35 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), 35 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), and 30 percent light gray (5Y 7/2) sandy clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; the areas of brownish yellow and light yellowish brown are areas in which iron has accumulated; the areas of light gray are areas from which iron has depleted; moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 60 to more than 80 inches
• Thickness of the sandy epipedon: 20 to 40 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout, except where the surface layer has been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—loamy sand
• E horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—loamy sand
• Bt horizon, upper part:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
• Bt horizon, lower part:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8; or multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, or gray
  • Redoximorphic features—no, few, or common iron accumulations in shades of brown, red, and yellow; depletions with chroma of 2 or less within a depth of 60 inches
  • Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 8; or multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, or gray
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and few to many iron accumulations in shades of red and brown
  • Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay

Carnegie Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Clayey marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Uplands
• Landform position: Side slopes and knolls
• Slope: 2 to 12 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Cowarts, Faceville, Henderson, Nankin, and Norfolk soils are commonly associated with the Carnegie series.

• The Cowarts soils are in positions similar to those of the Carnegie soils or lower, have less than 5 percent plinthite, and have a fine-loamy control section.
• The Faceville soils are in positions similar to those of the Carnegie soils or slightly higher and have less than 5 percent plinthite.
• The Henderson soils are in positions similar to those of the Carnegie soils or slightly lower, have less than 5 percent plinthite, and have chert fragments throughout.
• The Nankin soils are in positions similar to those of the Carnegie soils or slightly lower, have less than 5 percent plinthite, and have a solum that is less than 60 inches thick.
• The Norfolk soils are in positions similar to those of the Carnegie soils or slightly lower, have less than 5 percent plinthite, and have a fine-loamy control section.

Typical Pedon

Carnegie sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded; about 2.2 miles south of Shellman on County Road 44, about 400 feet west of the roadway; Randolph County, Georgia; USGS Martins Crossroads topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 42 minutes 51 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 37 minutes 58 seconds W., NAD27.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine and fine roots; about 10 percent, by volume, ironstone nodules; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Bt1—5 to 12 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine and fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent, by volume, ironstone nodules; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—12 to 17 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 4 percent, by volume, plinthite; about 5 percent, by volume, ironstone nodules; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btv1—17 to 22 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent, by volume, plinthite; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btv2—22 to 38 inches; multicolored, about 40 percent red (2.5YR 4/6), 40 percent light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4), and 20 percent pale red (2.5YR 7/3) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent, by volume, plinthite; red and light reddish brown areas are relic iron accumulations; pale red areas are relic iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btv3—38 to 72 inches; multicolored, about 25 percent red (2.5YR 4/6), 25 percent light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4), 25 percent pale red (2.5YR 7/3), and 25 percent light gray (5Y 7/1) clay in a variegated pattern; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 6 percent, by volume, plinthite; red and light reddish brown areas are relic iron accumulations; pale red and light gray areas are relic iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Content of gravel: 5 to 25 percent, by volume, ironstone nodules in the A or Ap horizon and 0 to 10 percent, by volume, in the Bt horizons
• Content of plinthite: More than 5 percent between depths of about 20 and 50 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout, except where the surface layer has been limed
• A, Ap, or Apc horizon:
  • Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—sandy loam or gravelly sandy loam
• Upper part of the Bt or Btc horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Relic redoximorphic features—no or few in shades of red or yellow
  • Texture—sandy clay loam or sandy clay
• Lower part of the Bt or B´t horizon (where present):
  • Color—multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, or gray
  • Relic redoximorphic features—few or common relict accumulations in shades of red, brown, or yellow and relic depletions in shades of gray
  • Texture—sandy clay or clay
• Btv horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8; or multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, or gray
  • Relic redoximorphic features—few to many relict accumulations in shades of red, brown, or yellow and depletions in shades of gray
  • Texture—sandy clay or clay
• C horizon (where present):
  • Color—multicolored in shades similar to those in the lower part of the Bt horizon
  • Texture—sandy clay or sandy clay loam

Clarendon Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Loamy marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Uplands
• Landform position: Concavities
• Slope: 0 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Plinthaquic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Goldsboro, Grady, Marlboro, Norfolk, and Rains soils are commonly associated with the Clarendon series.

• The Goldsboro soils are in positions similar to those of the Clarendon soils or slightly higher and have less than 5 percent plinthite.
• The Grady soils are in the lower positions, are poorly drained, and have a fine control section.
• The Marlboro soils are in the higher positions, are well drained, and have a fine control section.
• The Norfolk soils are in the higher positions and are well drained.
• The Rains soils are in the lower positions and are poorly drained.

Typical Pedon

Clarendon sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 500 feet south of the Shellman city limit on Georgia Highway 41, about 160 feet west of the highway; Randolph County, Georgia; USGS Doverel topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 44 minutes 27.2 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 36 minutes 52.9 seconds W., NAD27.

• Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; about 8 percent, by volume, iron-manganese concretions; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bt1—8 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent, by volume, iron-manganese concretions; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt2—20 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent, by volume, iron-manganese concretions; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and common fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) masses in which iron has accumulated; the masses have sharp boundaries and are within the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt3—29 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 3 percent, by volume, plinthite; about 4 percent, by volume, iron-manganese concretions; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) masses in which iron has accumulated; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) areas from which iron has depleted; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btv1—34 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent, by volume, plinthite; 2 percent, by volume, iron-manganese concretions; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) areas from which iron has depleted; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btv2—42 to 50 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent, by volume, plinthite; about 2 percent, by volume, iron-manganese concretions; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) masses in which iron has accumulated; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btv3—50 to 72 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct continuous clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent, by volume, plinthite; about 2 percent, by volume, iron-manganese concretions; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and many medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) masses in which iron has accumulated and which have sharp boundaries; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Content of gravel: 0 to 10 percent, by volume, in the A and E horizons and the upper part of the Bt horizon; 0 to 2 percent in the lower part of the Bt horizon
• Content of plinthite: 5 percent or more beginning at a depth of 20 to 58 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid in the upper part of the solum and very strongly acid to strongly acid in the lower part, except where the surface layer has been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—loamy sand or sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common in shades of gray, red, and brown
  • Texture—sandy clay loam
• Btv horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many in shades of gray, red, and brown
  • Texture—sandy clay loam

Cowarts Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained and moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow or slow
• Parent material: Loamy marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Uplands
• Landform position: Narrow ridges; side slopes
• Slope: 2 to 25 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults

Commonly Associated Soils

Ailey, Bibb, Carnegie, Kinston, Lakeland, Lucy, Maubila, Nankin, Ocilla, and Troup soils are commonly associated with the Cowarts series.

• The Ailey soils are in positions similar to those of the Cowarts soils and have sandy surface and subsurface layers with a combined thickness of 20 to 40 inches over dense, brittle layers.
• The Bibb soils are on flood plains, have a coarse-loamy control section, and are poorly drained.
• The Carnegie soils are in positions similar to those of the Cowarts soils or slightly higher, have a fine control section, and have more than 5 percent plinthite, by volume.
• The Kinston soils are on flood plains and are poorly drained.
• The Lakeland soils are in the higher positions, are excessively drained, and are sandy throughout.
• The Lucy soils are in positions similar to those of the Cowarts soils or slightly higher and have sandy surface and subsurface layers with a combined thickness of 20 to 40 inches.
• The Maubila soils are in positions similar to those of the Cowarts soils or higher, are moderately well drained, and have a fine control section.
• The Nankin soils are in positions similar to those of the Cowarts soils, have a solum that is less than 60 inches thick, and have a fine control section.
• The Ocilla soils are adjacent to the Cowarts soils in lower positions, have sandy surface and subsurface layers with a combined thickness of 20 to 40 inches, and are somewhat poorly drained.
• The Troup soils are in the higher positions, are somewhat excessively drained, and have surface and subsurface layers with a combined thickness of 40 to 80 inches.

Typical Pedon

Cowarts loamy sand in an area of Nankin-Cowarts complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes; about 0.6 mile north of Sharon Church, 2,960 feet south of the Stewart County line, and 3,200 feet west of County Road 28; Randolph County, Georgia; USGS Sanford topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 54 minutes 58 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 53 minutes 30 seconds W., NAD27.

• Ap1—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Ap2—3 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt1—7 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—15 to 22 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—22 to 31 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common medium roots and few fine roots; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses in which iron has accumulated; the masses have sharp boundaries and are within the matrix; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—31 to 40 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few medium roots; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses in which iron has accumulated; the masses have sharp boundaries and are within the matrix; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C1—40 to 48 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) masses in which iron has accumulated; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—48 to 59 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy loam; massive parting to weak thin platy structure; firm, brittle; common thin strata of yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; few fine distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) areas from which iron has depleted; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C3—59 to 80 inches; multicolored, about 50 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), 30 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), and 20 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) stratified loamy sand; massive structure parting to loose single grained; firm in place, very friable if disturbed; the areas of brownish yellow and yellowish red are areas in which iron has accumulated; the areas of light yellowish brown are areas from which iron has depleted; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout, except where the surface layer has been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—loamy sand or sandy loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—loamy sand or sandy loam
• BE horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Redoximorphic features—no, few, or common iron accumulations in shades of red, yellow, and brown
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; or multicolored in shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of red, brown, and yellow
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
• C horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; or multicolored in shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and few to many iron accumulations in shades of red, brown, and yellow
  • Texture—loamy sand, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam or stratified in these textures

Faceville Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Clayey marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Uplands
• Landform position: Broad ridges; side slopes
• Slope: 0 to 10 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Carnegie, Greenville, Marlboro, Norfolk, Orangeburg, Rains, and Red Bay soils are commonly associated with the Faceville series.

• The Carnegie soils are in positions similar to those of the Faceville soils or slightly lower and have more than 5 percent plinthite, by volume.
• The Greenville soils are in positions similar to those of the Faceville soils and have redder hues.
• The Marlboro soils are in positions similar to those of the Faceville soils or slightly lower and have hues that are more yellow.
• The Norfolk soils are in positions similar to those of the Faceville soils or slightly lower, have hues that are more yellow, and have a fine-loamy control section.
• The Orangeburg soils are in positions similar to those of the Faceville soils or slightly lower and have a fine-loamy control section.
• The Rains soils are in the lower positions, are poorly drained, and have a fine-loamy control section.
• The Red Bay soils are in positions similar to those of the Faceville soils, have redder hues, and have a fine-loamy control section.

Typical Pedon

Faceville sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 1.8 miles north of the Quitman and Clay County line on Georgia Highway 39 and 700 feet west of the highway; Quitman County, Georgia; USGS Hatcher topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 48 minutes 19 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 5 minutes 42 seconds W., NAD27.

• Ap—0 to 10 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bt1—10 to 30 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—30 to 72 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt3—72 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) sandy clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses in which iron has accumulated; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 65 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout, except where the surface layer has been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
• BC horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8; or multicolored in shades of red, brown, and yellow
  • Redoximorphic features—no, few, or common iron accumulations in shades of red, brown, and yellow
  • Texture—sandy clay loam or sandy clay

Goldsboro Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Uplands
• Landform position: Interstream divides
• Slope: 0 to 5 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Aquic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Clarendon and Norfolk soils are commonly associated with the Goldsboro series.

• The Clarendon soils are in positions similar to those of the Goldsboro soils or slightly lower and have more than 5 percent plinthite, by volume.
• The Norfolk soils are in the higher positions and are well drained.

Typical Pedon

Goldsboro loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 1.8 miles south of the Quitman and Clay County line on Georgia Highway 39 and 200 feet south of the highway; Clay County, Georgia; USGS Hatcher topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 45 minutes 30 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 4 minutes 6 seconds W., NAD27.

• Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—10 to 18 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; few faint discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt2—18 to 33 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; few faint clay films on faces of peds; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses in which iron has accumulated; common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) areas from which iron or clay has depleted; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Btg1—33 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few 5-millimeter pockets of clean sand grains in the lower part; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses in which iron has accumulated; common medium faint light gray (10YR 7/1) areas from which iron or clay has depleted; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Btg2—60 to 80 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few 5-millimeter pockets of clean sand grains; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses in which iron has accumulated; common medium faint light gray (10YR 7/2) areas from which iron or clay has depleted; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout, except where the surface layer has been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 to 4
  • Texture—loamy sand or sandy loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—loamy sand or sandy loam
• Bt horizon, upper part:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
• Bt horizon, lower part:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron or clay depletions and accumulations in shades of gray, red, yellow, and brown
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam
• Btg horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron or clay accumulations in shades of red, yellow, and brown and depletions in shades of gray
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Grady Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Clayey marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Depressions
• Landform position: Concavities
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Paleaquults

Commonly Associated Soils

Clarendon, Marlboro, and Rains soils are commonly associated with the Grady series.

• The Clarendon soils are in the higher positions, are moderately well drained, and have a fine-loamy control section.
• The Marlboro soils are in the higher positions and are well drained.
• The Rains soils are in positions similar to those of the Grady soils and have a fine-loamy control section.

Typical Pedon

Grady clay loam, ponded; about 0.4 mile south of Five Points and 250 feet west of County Road 154; Randolph County, Georgia; USGS Doverel topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 41 minutes 42 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 33 minutes 35 seconds W., NAD27.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Btg1—5 to 10 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; common fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Btg2—10 to 30 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Btg3—30 to 65 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses in which iron has accumulated; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout, except where the surface layer has been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—loam or clay loam
• Btg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Redoximorphic features—no, few, or common iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of yellow, brown, and red
  • Texture—sandy clay or clay in the upper part and clay in the lower part

Greenville Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Clayey marine sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Uplands
• Landform position: Broad ridges; side slopes
• Slope: 0 to 18 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Faceville, Henderson, Orangeburg, and Red Bay soils are commonly associated with the Greenville series.

• The Faceville soils are in positions similar to those of the Greenville soils and have hues that are more yellow.
• The Henderson soils are in the slightly lower positions, have hues that are more yellow, and have chert fragments throughout.
• The Orangeburg soils are in positions similar to those of the Greenville soils or slightly lower, have hues that are more yellow, and have a fine-loamy control section.
• The Red Bay soils are in positions similar to those of the Greenville soils or slightly lower and have a fine-loamy control section.

Typical Pedon

Greenville sandy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 0.5 mile east of Carter Creek on County Road 22, about 0.8 mile north on County Road 73, and 150 feet west; Randolph County, Georgia; USGS Martins Crossroads topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 39 minutes 16 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 42 minutes 47 seconds W., NAD27.

• Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) sandy clay loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bt1—8 to 45 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—45 to 80 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout, except where the surface layer has been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—sandy clay loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay, or clay

Henderson Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Clayey marine sediments and impure limestone
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Uplands
• Landform position: Ridge, knolls, and side slopes
• Slope: 2 to 20 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Paleudults

Commonly Associated Soils

Carnegie, Greenville, Marlboro, and Nankin soils are commonly associated with the Henderson series.

• The Carnegie soils are in positions similar to those of the Henderson soils or slightly higher, do not have chert fragments, and contain more than 5 percent plinthite, by volume.
• The Greenville soils are in the slightly higher positions, do not have chert fragments, and have redder hues.
• The Marlboro soils are in positions similar to those of the Henderson soils or slightly higher and do not have chert fragments.
• The Nankin soils are in positions similar to those of the Henderson soils or slightly lower, do not have chert fragments, and have a solum that is less than 60 inches thick.

Typical Pedon

Henderson gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes; about 2.7 miles south of the intersection of U.S. Highway 82 and Georgia Highway 266 and about 30 feet west of Georgia Highway 266; Randolph County, Georgia; USGS Carnegie topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 43 minutes 20 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 51 minutes 31 seconds W., NAD27.

• Ap—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 20 percent chert pebbles and 3 percent chert stones; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• E—4 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common medium roots; about 20 percent chert pebbles; strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary.
• Bt1—13 to 18 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly sandy clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common medium roots; about 20 percent chert pebbles and 5 percent chert stones; very strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary.
• Bt2—18 to 33 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few large roots; about 20 percent chert pebbles and 5 percent chert stones; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) masses in which iron has accumulated; very strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
• Bt3—33 to 49 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 20 percent chert pebbles, 2 percent chert cobbles, and 3 percent chert stones; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) masses in which iron has accumulated; very strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
• Bt4—49 to 65 inches; multicolored, about 40 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 35 percent light gray (2.5Y 7/2), and 25 percent reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) gravelly clay; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; many pebbles and fragments of chert, few stones; the areas of yellowish brown and reddish brown are areas in which iron has accumulated; the areas of light gray are areas from which iron or clay has depleted; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Thickness of the solum: More than 65 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout, except where the surface layer has been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3
  • Texture—gravelly sandy loam or gravelly loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—gravelly sandy loam or gravelly loam
• Bt horizon, upper part:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—gravelly sandy clay loam or gravelly sandy clay
• Bt horizon, lower part:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8; or multicolored in shades of red, brown, yellow, and, below a depth of 40 inches, gray
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations in shades of red, brown, or yellow; the gray depletions are below a depth of 40 inches.
  • Texture—gravelly sandy clay or gravelly clay

Kinston Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Planer to concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, acid, thermic Typic Fluvaquents

Commonly Associated Soils

Bibb, Cowarts, Lakeland, Lucy, Nankin, and Troup soils are commonly associated with the Kinston series.

• The Bibb soils are in positions similar to those of the Kinston soils and have a coarse-loamy control section.
• The Cowarts soils are on side slopes on uplands and are well drained.
• The Lakeland soils are on uplands, are excessively drained, and are sandy throughout.
• The Lucy soils are on uplands, are well drained, and have sandy surface and subsurface layers with a combined thickness of 20 to 40 inches.
• The Nankin soils are on side slopes on uplands, are well drained, and have a fine control section.
• The Troup soils are on uplands, are somewhat excessively drained, and have sandy surface and subsurface layers with a combined thickness of 40 to 80 inches.

Typical Pedon

Kinston loam, in an area of Kinston and Bibb soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; about 3,800 feet west of the Randolph and Terrell County line on County Road 155 and 400 feet north in the flood plain along Ichawaynochaway Creek; Randolph County, Georgia; USGS Parrot topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 54 minutes 5 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 36 minutes 53 seconds W., NAD27.

• A1—0 to 3 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; many faint yellowish red (5YR 5/6) coatings on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• A2—3 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many medium and common fine and coarse roots; common faint yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bg—8 to 15 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and common medium and coarse roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Ab—15 to 33 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy loam; massive parting to weak fine subangular structure; friable; common medium and coarse roots; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) areas in which iron has accumulated and common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) areas from which iron has depleted; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg1—33 to 52 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sandy clay loam; massive; firm; few coarse roots; common fine and medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) areas in which iron has accumulated; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg2—52 to 80 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loamy sand; massive; friable; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout, except where the surface layer has been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3; or neutral in hue and value of 5
  • Redoximorphic features—no, few, or common iron or clay depletions in shades of gray and iron accumulations or stains in shades of brown, yellow, and red
  • Texture—loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, silt loam, or loam
• Ab horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Redoximorphic features—none to common in shades of brown, yellow, and gray
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
• Ag horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 1; or neutral in hue and value of 5
  • Texture—same range as that of the A or Ap horizon
• Bg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; hue of 5GY to 5BG, value of 6, and chroma of 1; or neutral in hue and value of 4 to 6
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron accumulations in shades of yellow, brown, and red
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
• Cg or C´g horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; hue of 5GY to 5BG, value of 6, and chroma of 1; or neutral in hue and value of 4 to 6
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron accumulations in shades of yellow, brown, and red
  • Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or, below a depth of 40 inches, loamy sand or loamy fine sand