Ariel Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Silty alluvium
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Slightly convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-silty, mixed, active, thermic Fluventic Dystrochrepts

Ariel soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Kirkville, Mantachie, and Oaklimeter soils. The moderately well drained Kirkville and Oaklimeter soils are in the slightly lower positions on the flood plains. The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils are in the lower positions on the flood plain.

Typical Pedon

Ariel silt loam, occasionally flooded; about 300 feet south and 550 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 25, T. 15 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Hesterville topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 08 minutes 12 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 37 minutes 53 seconds W.

• Ap1—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulations in root channels; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in pores; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Ap2—3 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bw1—8 to 19 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bw2—19 to 27 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bw3—27 to 36 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine pores; common fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation that are firm and brittle; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bwxb1—36 to 48 inches; 35 percent brown (10YR 5/3), 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 30 percent gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable, dense and slightly brittle; common fine and medium manganese concretions; few thin seams of gray silt between prisms; the gray areas are iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bwxb2—48 to 60 inches; 35 percent brown (10YR 5/3), 35 percent gray (10YR 6/1), and 30 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silt loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable, dense and slightly brittle; common medium manganese concretions; few thin seams of gray silt between prisms; the gray areas are iron depletions; the strong brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: More than 60 inches
• Depth to contrasting soil material: 20 to 50 inches to a buried solum
• Reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3
  • Texture—silt loam
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—silt loam
  • Redoximorphic features—none to common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or yellow
• Bwxb horizon:
  • Color—multicolored in shades of brown and gray
  • Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many black or brown manganese concretions and few or common iron depletions, masses of iron accumulation, or both

Arkabutla Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Silty alluvium
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Flat to slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, acid, thermic Aeric Fluvaquents

Arkabutla soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Ariel, Bude, Rosebloom, and Oaklimeter soils. The well drained Ariel and moderately well drained Oaklimeter soils are in the higher positions on the flood plains. The poorly drained Rosebloom soils are in the lower positions on the flood plains. The Bude soils have a fragipan and are on adjacent stream terraces.

Typical Pedon

Arkabutla silt loam in an area of Rosebloom-Arkabutla association, frequently flooded; about 1,800 feet north and 300 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 30, T. 13 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Singleton topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 57 minutes 00 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 36 minutes 38 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in root channels; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Bw—5 to 12 inches; 35 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), 35 percent brown (10YR 5/3), and 30 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few coatings of silt and oxides on ped faces; the light brownish gray areas are iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg1—12 to 19 inches; 55 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and 45 percent gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg2—19 to 28 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few black and brown manganese concretions; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg3—28 to 38 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable; common black and brown manganese concretions; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
• Bg4—38 to 48 inches; 45 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), 30 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 25 percent gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable; many fine and medium black and brown manganese concretions; strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
• Bg5—48 to 60 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable; many black and brown manganese concretions; many medium distinct brown (10YR 4/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: More than 40 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3
  • Texture—silt loam
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—commonly no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown and gray; or hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2
  • Texture—silt loam or loam
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—few or common iron accumulation in shades of brown
• Bg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray and brown
  • Texture—silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam

Bude Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Thin mantle of loess and the underlying loamy sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Uplands and stream terraces
• Landform position: Toeslopes and footslopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Glossaquic Fragiudalfs

Bude soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Oaklimeter, Gillsburg, and Providence soils. The moderately well drained Oaklimeter and silty Gillsburg soils are on flood plains and do not have a fragipan. The moderately well drained Providence soils are on the higher ridges.

Typical Pedon

Bude silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 400 feet north and 200 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 14, T. 14 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Kosciusko topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 03 minutes 55 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 33 minutes 30 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; 35 percent dark brown (10YR 4/3), 35 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), and 30 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; few fine black and brown manganese concretions; the dark grayish brown areas are iron depletions; the light yellowish brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bw1—5 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; slightly plastic; many fine pores; few fine black and yellowish brown concretions; many distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bw2—11 to 16 inches; 30 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), 25 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4), 25 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6), and 20 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many fine pores; few fine black and brown concretions; the light brownish gray and pale brown areas are iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E/B—16 to 20 inches; 35 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and 25 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) loam (E) that has silt tonguing between peds; 25 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and 15 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam (B); weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable; the light olive brown material is dense and brittle; many fine vesicular pores; few black and brown concretions; very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary.
• Btx—20 to 29 inches; 30 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 25 percent gray (5Y 6/1), 25 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and 20 percent light gray (10YR 7/1) silty clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure; firm, brittle in about 60 percent of the volume; many fine vesicular pores; few distinct and common faint clay films on faces of peds; prism faces coated with gray silt; few fine black and brown concretions; the strong brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; the gray areas are iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary.
• 2Btx1—29 to 40 inches; 45 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 30 percent gray (5Y 5/1), and 25 percent gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; firm and compact, brittle in more than 60 percent of the volume; many vesicular pores; common faint clay films on faces of prisms; common thin seams of gray silt between prisms; few black and brown concretions; the light gray and gray areas are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• 2Btx2—40 to 56 inches; 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 35 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), and 30 percent gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; firm in 40 to 60 percent of the volume; many fine vesicular pores; common faint clay films on faces of prisms; common thin seams of gray silt between prisms; common fine black and brown concretions; the light gray areas are iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• 2Btx3—56 to 64 inches; 35 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 30 percent gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse angular blocky; firm, brittle in 40 to 60 percent of the volume; many vesicular pores; few faint clay films on faces of prisms; few fine black and brown concretions; few seams of gray silt between prisms; the gray areas are iron depletions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: More than 60 inches
• Depth to contrasting soil material: 18 to 40 inches to a fragipan
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout the profile, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—commonly no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown and gray; hue of 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of 2 to 4; or hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—silt loam
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8; hue of 7.5YR, value of 5, and chroma of 6; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown and gray
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in the upper 10 inches
• E/B horizon:
  • Color—(E part) hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4; (B part) hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
  • Texture—(E part) silt loam; (B part) silt loam or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron depletions and masses of iron accumulation
• Btx horizon:
  • Color—commonly no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown or gray; or hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• 2Btx horizon:
  • Color—commonly no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown and gray; or hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—silt loam, loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron depletions and masses of iron accumulation

Calhoun Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Loess
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Stream terraces and flood plains
• Landform position: Flat to concave slopes; shallow depressions
• Slope: 0 to 1 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Glossaqualfs

Calhoun soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Calloway, Grenada, and Oaklimeter soils. The somewhat poorly drained Calloway soils are in the slightly higher positions. The moderately well drained Grenada soils are in the slightly higher, more convex positions. The moderately well drained Oaklimeter soils are on the narrower parts of the flood plains.

Typical Pedon

Calhoun silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about 2,000 feet south and 300 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 13 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Goodman topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 56 minutes 55 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 33 minutes 30 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; common fine black concretions; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in root channels; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Eg1—5 to 12 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; common medium black and yellowish brown concretions; common distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Eg2—12 to 20 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common fine brown and black concretions; many fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• B/E—20 to 32 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common thin light gray (10YR 7/1) clay depletions on faces of peds; seams of grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam (E) 1/2 to 2 inches in width extend through horizon and make up 15 to 20 percent of the matrix; common fine black and brown concretions; common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btg—32 to 45 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very firm; few small pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common black and brown concretions; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg—45 to 60 inches; 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 35 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), and 30 percent gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; massive; very firm; common fine black and brown concretions; areas of yellowish brown are masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: 40 to 80 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3
  • Texture—silt loam
• Eg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—silt loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown and yellow
• Btg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or yellow
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—commonly no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of gray and brown; or hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or yellow

Calloway Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and slow in the fragipan
• Parent material: Thick loess deposits
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Stream terraces and uplands
• Landform position: Toeslopes and flat to slightly concave slopes on uplands and low terraces
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Glossaquic Fragiudalfs

Calloway soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Calhoun, Grenada, and Deerford soils. The poorly drained Calhoun soils are in the lower positions. The moderately well drained Grenada soils are in the higher positions. The silty Deerford soils are in positions similar to those of the Calloway soils and have a higher content of exchangeable sodium in the subsoil.

Typical Pedon

Calloway silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 1,500 feet north and 1,200 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 36, T. 14 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Durant topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 01 minutes 20 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 50 minutes 53 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark brownish gray (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; few fine brown and black concretions; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bw1—6 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; few fine brown and black concretions; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bw2—13 to 22 inches; 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 40 percent gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine brown and black concretions; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• E/B—22 to 28 inches; 35 percent gray (10YR 6/1) silt (E) between prisms; moderate coarse prismatic structure; compact and friable; 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and 30 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) silt loam (B); weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable and compact, brittle; common fine and medium brown and black concretions; common fine voids; few fine roots in cracks; the yellowish brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btx1—28 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure; very firm and compact, brittle; many medium distinct light gray (10YR 6/1) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; common faint and few distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium brown and black concretions; few fine voids; few gray silt tongues between prisms; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Btx2—48 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure; very firm and compact, brittle; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; few seams of gray silt between prisms; common fine and medium brown and black concretions; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: More than 60 inches
• Depth to contrasting material: 14 to 38 inches to a fragipan
• Reaction: Moderately acid or strongly acid in the upper part of the solum and strongly acid to moderately alkaline in the lower part
• Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—silt loam
• A horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—silt loam
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6; or no dominant matrix horizon and multicolored in shades of brown and gray
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• E/B horizon (where present):
  • Color—(E part) hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2; (B part) hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 6 or shades of brown or gray and no dominant matrix horizon
  • Texture—(E part) silt or silt loam; (B part) silt loam or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• Btx horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam; material in the prisms is brittle and very firm; silty tongues are friable.
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron depletions in shades of gray, masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, or both

Chenneby Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Silty alluvium
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts

Chenneby soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Rosebloom and Oaklimeter soils. The poorly drained Rosebloom soils are at lower elevations than the Chenneby soils and are farther from the river channel. The moderately well drained Oaklimeter soils are in the higher positions near tributaries of the main channel.

Typical Pedon

Chenneby silt loam, frequently flooded; about 500 feet north and 1,010 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 32, T. 13 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Goodman topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 55 minutes 24 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 54 minutes 09 seconds W.

• A—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; few fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bw1—5 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions lining pores; common fine and medium black and brown concretions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Bw2—14 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; common fine black concretions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Bg1—23 to 35 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron accumulation; common fine and medium black and brown concretions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Bg2—35 to 50 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few medium faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Cg—50 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; firm; massive; common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: 40 to 70 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—slit loam
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—few or common iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
• Bg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—silt loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2; or no dominant matrix color
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown

Deerford Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Slow
• Parent material: Silty sediments that have a low content of sand
• Landscape: Upper Coastal Plain
• Landform: Terraces and uplands
• Landform position: Flat to slightly concave slopes on low terraces
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Albic Glossic Natraqualfs

Deerford soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Calhoun and Calloway soils. The poorly drained Calhoun soils are in the slightly lower positions. The somewhat poorly drained Calloway soils are in positions similar to those of the Deerford soils and do not have a high content of sodium.

Typical Pedon

Deerford silt loam in an area of Calloway and Deerford soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 400 feet north and 200 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 2, T. 13 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Newport topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 59 minutes 53 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 51 minutes 34 seconds W.

• Ap1—0 to 3 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Ap2—3 to 7 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt loam; weak medium and thin platy structure; firm; many fine roots; common fine and medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Eg—7 to 11 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam; moderate medium platy structure; firm; common fine roots; many medium and fine brown and black concretions; few medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary.
• B/E—11 to 28 inches; 35 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8), 30 percent very pale brown (10YR 7/4), and 35 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) silty clay loam (B); moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very firm; common fine roots; common faint and distinct and few prominent clay films on faces of peds and in pores; about 20 percent light gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam (E) in vertical seams between prisms; the brownish yellow areas are masses of iron accumulation; the light brownish gray areas are iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btn1—28 to 36 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; very firm; few fine roots; common distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; about 10 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam (E) in seams between prisms; few fine gypsum crystals; common medium black concretions; many fine distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; slightly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
• Btn2—36 to 45 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure; firm; few fine roots; few distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay films on faces of peds and in peds; few medium gypsum crystals; common fine and medium black concretions; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
• BC—45 to 60 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty clay loam; massive; firm; common fine and medium black concretions; many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: 40 to 80 inches
• Depth to contrasting soil material: 16 to 32 inches to a subhorizon that has more than 15 percent exchangeable sodium
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid in the Ap horizon through the upper part of the Btn horizon, except the surface layers in areas that have been limed, from neutral to slightly alkaline in the lower part of the Btn horizon, and from neutral to moderately alkaline in the BC horizon
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—silt loam
• Eg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—silt loam or silt
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or yellow
• B/E horizon (where present):
  • Color—(B part) no dominant color and multicolored in shades of brown, yellow, and gray; (E part) hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—(B part) silty clay loam; (E part) silt loam
• Btn horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
  • Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron or clay depletions in shades of gray
• BC horizon:
  • Color—similar to those of the Btn horizon
  • Texture—silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many iron and clay depletions in shades of gray

Gillsburg Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Silty alluvium
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Flat to slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-silty, mixed, active, acid, thermic Aeric Fluvaquents

Gillsburg soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Ariel, Bude, and Oaklimeter soils. The well drained Ariel and moderately well drained Oaklimeter soils are in the slightly higher positions on the flood plains. The Bude soils have a fragipan and are on stream terraces.

Typical Pedon

Gillsburg silt loam, occasionally flooded; about 300 feet south and 300 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 7, T. 14 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Kosciusko topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 05 minutes 32 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 31 minutes 24 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation along root channels; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Bw1—5 to 12 inches; 35 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), 35 percent brown (10YR 5/3), and 30 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; the areas of light brownish gray are iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bw2—12 to 19 inches; 50 percent dark brown (10YR 4/3) and 50 percent gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; the gray areas are iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg—19 to 28 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine and medium black and brown concretions; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Egb—28 to 38 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable, brittle; common fine and medium black and brown concretions; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
• E/Bb—38 to 48 inches; 55 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam (E); weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; 45 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam (B); weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable, slightly brittle; common faint clay films on faces of peds; many fine and medium black and brown concretions; the grayish brown areas are iron depletions; the yellowish brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
• Btgb—48 to 60 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable; many medium distinct brown (10YR 4/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam tongues 1/2 to 1 inch in width between prisms; many prominent clay film on faces of peds; many fine and medium black and brown concretions; many medium distinct brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: More than 60 inches
• Depth to contrasting soil material (where present): 20 to 50 inches to a buried soil
• Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid the Ap horizon, except in areas that have been limed, and very strongly acid or strongly acid in the Bw, Bg, Egb, E/Bb, Btgb horizons
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3; or hue of 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2
  • Texture—silt loam
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—commonly no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown and gray; or hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—silt loam
  • Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• Bg or Bgb horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, yellow, and gray
  • Texture—silt loam or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• Egb horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—silt loam or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• Bb horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6; or no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown and gray
  • Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron depletions in shades of gray

Grenada Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and slow in the fragipan
• Parent material: Silty material
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Stream terraces and uplands
• Landform position: Summits and shoulder slopes
• Slope: 1 to 3 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Glossic Fragiudalfs

Grenada soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Calloway and Providence soils. The somewhat poorly drained Calloway soils are in the lower positions. The Providence soils are in positions similar to those of the Grenada soils, do not have eluvial horizons overlying the fragipan, and have more sandy material in the lower part of the fragipan.

Typical Pedon

Grenada silt loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, eroded; about 1,200 feet north and 100 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 35, T. 14 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Durant topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 01 minute 17 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 51 minutes 07 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) pore linings; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bw1—5 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine black concretions; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bw2—13 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few medium roots; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) pore linings; few fine black concretions; few faint brown iron depletions on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• E/B—21 to 25 inches; 30 percent light gray (10YR 7/1) and 25 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam (E); weak medium subangular blocky; friable; 25 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and 20 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt loam (B); moderate very coarse and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable, slightly brittle; many fine voids; few fine and medium black concretions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• B/E1—25 to 37 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam (B); moderate coarse prismatic structure; firm; common medium and few fine roots; common medium pores; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam (E); moderate very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; firm, dense and brittle in about 60 percent of the volume; few distinct and common faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine black and yellowish brown concretions; common fine and medium voids and pores; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• B/E2—37 to 47 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam (B); moderate coarse angular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; many fine pores; slightly brittle; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam (E); moderate very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak and moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; firm, dense and brittle in about 60 percent of the volume; few distinct and common faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine and medium yellowish brown concretions; common fine and medium voids and pores; many faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btx—47 to 60 inches; 30 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 25 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), 25 percent gray (10YR 6/1), and 20 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, dense and brittle in about 60 percent of the volume; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; thick gray seams around prisms; few fine yellowish brown concretions; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Reaction: The Ap horizon is very strongly acid to moderately acid, except in areas that have been limed; the Bw, E/B, and B/E horizons are very strongly acid to moderately acid; and the Btx horizon is strongly acid to neutral
• A horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—silt loam
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6; or hue of 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—none to common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• E/B horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or multicolored resulting from iron depletions and masses of iron accumulation
  • Texture—silt loam or silt
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common black concretions
• B/E horizon:
  • Color—(B part) hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6; (E part) hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• Btx horizon:
  • Color—multicolored; hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6; or hue of 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron depletions in shades of gray, masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, or both

Kinston Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Flat or concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, acid, thermic Typic Fluvaquents

Kinston soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Kirkville, Mantachie, and Stough soils. The moderately well drained Kirkville soils are on convex parts of natural levees. The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils are in the slightly higher positions on the flood plains. The somewhat poorly drained Stough soils are on low stream terraces.

Typical Pedon

Kinston loam, frequently flooded; about 1,200 feet south and 1,100 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 17, T. 14 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Ethel South topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 04 minutes 27 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 29 minutes 50 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few fine black and yellowish brown concretions; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bg—7 to 14 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few fine black concretions; common medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg1—14 to 21 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) loam; massive; friable; few fine roots; common medium black and brown concretions; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg2—21 to 31 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam; massive; friable; many large black concretions; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5 YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg3—31 to 54 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; massive; friable; many large black concretions; common coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Cg4—54 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; massive; friable; many large black and yellowish brown concretions; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout the profile
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 to 3
  • Texture—loam
• Bg horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—loam or sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown

Kirkville Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy alluvium
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Planar to slightly convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts

Kirkville soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Ariel and Mantachie soils. The well drained Ariel soils are in the slightly higher positions on the flood plains. The somewhat poorly drained Mantachie soils are in the lower positions on the flood plain.

Typical Pedon

Kirkville loam, occasionally flooded; about 2,300 feet south and 1,980 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 11, T. 13 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Newport topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 59 minutes 07 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 51 minutes 30 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• A—5 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bw1—10 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Bw2—18 to 25 inches; 35 percent brown (10YR 5/3), 35 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), and 30 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine black and yellowish brown concretions; the light brownish gray areas are iron depletions; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bg—25 to 43 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine black and yellowish brown concretions; many distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Cg—43 to 60 inches; 60 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), 20 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), 10 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 10 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common medium black and strong brown concretions; the grayish brown areas are iron depletions; the strong brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: 30 to more than 60 inches
• Reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• Ap and A horizons:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4; hue of 2.5Y, value of 4, and chroma of 2; or hue of 7.5YR, value of 5, and chroma of 4
  • Texture—silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loamy sand
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6; or hue of 2.5Y, value of 5, and chroma of 4
  • Texture—loam, silt loam, or fine sandy loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron depletions in shades of gray, masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown, or both
• Bg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or less
  • Texture—loam, silt loam, or fine sandy loam
  • Redoximorphic features—common or many masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• Cg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or less; or multicolored resulting from iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam

Mantachie Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy alluvium
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Flat to slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Aeric Endoaquepts

Mantachie soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Kirkville and Oaklimeter soils. The moderately well drained Kirkville and Oaklimeter soils are in the slightly higher positions on the flood plains.

Typical Pedon

Mantachie loam, occasionally flooded; about 1,800 feet north and 700 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 8, T. 14 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Ethel South topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 04 minutes 55 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 29 minutes 40 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in root channels; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Bw—7 to 18 inches; 35 percent brown (10YR 4/3), 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 30 percent gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; weak fine granular and subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine yellowish brown and black concretions; the gray areas are iron depletions; the yellowish brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg1—18 to 26 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium yellowish brown and black concretions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg2—26 to 48 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium yellowish brown and black concretions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg3—48 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; many fine and medium yellowish brown and black concretions; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: 30 to 65 inches
• Reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout the solum, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• Depth to buried solum: 20 to 50 inches
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 6; hue of 2.5Y, value of 4, and chroma of 2; or no dominant color and multicolored
  • Texture—loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron depletions in shades of gray
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam
• Bg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 5
  • Texture—clay loam or sandy clay loam

Oaklimeter Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Silty alluvium
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains and low stream terraces
• Landform position: Slightly convex slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-silty, mixed, active, thermic Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts

Oaklimeter soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Gillsburg, Kirkville, and Mantachie soils. The moderately well drained Kirkville soils are in the higher positions on the flood plains. The somewhat poorly drained Gillsburg and Mantachie soils are in the lower positions on the flood plains.

Typical Pedon

Oaklimeter silt loam, occasionally flooded; about 1,000 feet south and 1,660 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 24, T. 15 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Hesterville topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 08 minutes 53 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 38 minutes 23 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; many medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions along root channels; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bw1—11 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bw2—23 to 31 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• E/Bb—31 to 48 inches; 55 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam (E); weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; 45 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam (B); weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots; common fine and medium brown and black concretions; few medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron and clay depletions on faces of peds; many fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btb—48 to 60 inches; 35 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), 35 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), and 30 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium brown and black concretions; the light brownish gray areas are iron depletions; the yellowish brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: 60 to 80 inches
• Reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout the solum, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—silt loam
• Bw horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—silt loam, loam, silt, or very fine sandy loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• E/Bb and Btb horizons (where present):
  • Color—multicolored resulting from iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Ora Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and moderately slow in the fragipan
• Parent material: Loamy marine deposits
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Terraces and uplands
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 5 to 12 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Fragiudults

Ora soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Providence, Smithdale, and Tippah soils. The Providence soils are in positions similar to those of the Ora soils and are fine-silty. The Smithdale soils are well drained, do not have a fragipan, and are on the steeper slopes. The Tippah soils have a clayey Bt horizon, do not have a fragipan, and are in positions similar to those of the Ora soils.

Typical Pedon

Ora loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes, eroded; about 900 feet south and 200 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 15, T. 16 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Ethel North topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 14 minutes 50 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 27 minutes 35 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 4 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt—4 to 18 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common faint and few distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btx1—18 to 26 inches; 35 percent yellowish red (5YR 4/6), 35 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and 30 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, compact and brittle in about 65 percent of volume; few fine roots in cracks; common faint and few distinct clay films on faces of peds; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron and clay depletions in loamy sand coating faces of prisms; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btx2—26 to 36 inches; 30 percent yellowish red (5YR 4/6), 25 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 25 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and 20 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very firm, compact and brittle in about 65 percent of volume; few fine roots in cracks; common faint clay films on faces of peds; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron and clay depletions coating faces of prisms; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• C—36 to 60 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy loam; massive; friable; common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6 /6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Depth to contrasting soil material: 18 to 42 inches to a fragipan
• Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the solum, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 4
  • Texture—loam or silt loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, silt loam, or loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
• Btx horizon:
  • Color—multicolored resulting from iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown and red
  • Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common iron depletions in shades of gray
• C horizon:
  • Color—multicolored in shades of yellow, brown, gray, and red
  • Texture—sandy loam or sandy clay loam

Providence Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan and moderately slow in the fragipan
• Parent material: Thin mantle of loess and the underlying loamy sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Terraces and uplands
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 2 to 15 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Fragiudalfs

Providence soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Bude, Ora, Smithdale, Sweatman, and Tippah soils. The Bude soils are poorly drained and are in the lower positions. The Ora soils are fine-loamy and are in positions similar to those of the Providence soils. The Smithdale soils are well drained and are on the steeper slopes. The Sweatman soils are clayey, do not have a fragipan, and are on the steeper slopes. The silty over clayey Tippah soils do not have a fragipan and are in positions similar to those of the Providence soils.

Typical Pedon

Providence silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded; about 200 feet north and 2,000 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 27, T. 13 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Singleton topographic quadrangle; lat. 32 degrees 56 minutes 49 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 33 minutes 56 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) silt loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bt1—5 to 11 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt2—11 to 18 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation along root channels; common faint and few distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine black concretions; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Btx—18 to 28 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) silt loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure; firm, dense and brittle in 60 to 75 percent of the volume; few fine roots between prisms; many medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses of iron accumulation and common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron and clay depletions; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• 2Btx1—28 to 38 inches; 35 percent dark brown (7.5YR 4/4), 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 30 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure; very firm, dense and brittle in 65 percent of the volume; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay and iron depletions in seams and on surfaces of prisms; common faint and distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine black concretions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• 2Btx2—38 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure; firm, dense and brittle in 65 percent of the volume; many medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay depletions; grayish brown clay depletions in seams between prisms and on faces of peds; few fine black concretions; common faint and distinct clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• 2Btx3—48 to 60 inches; 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 35 percent dark brown (7.5YR 4/4), and 30 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure; firm, dense and brittle in 65 percent of the volume; grayish brown clay depletions in seams between prisms and on faces of peds; few fine black concretions; common faint and distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Depth to contrasting soil material: 18 to 36 inches
• Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout the solum, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—silt loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—silt loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
• Btx and 2Btx horizons:
  • Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8; or no dominant color and multicolored resulting from iron depletions and masses of iron accumulation
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam in the upper part and loam or silt loam in the lower part

Rosebloom Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Silty alluvium
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Flood plains
• Landform position: Depressions and slightly concave slopes
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, acid, thermic Typic Fluvaquents

Rosebloom soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Arkabutla, Mantachie, and Oaklimeter soils. The Arkabutla soils are somewhat poorly drained and are in the higher positions on the flood plains. The Mantachie soils are somewhat poorly drained, have a fine-loamy control section, and are in the slightly higher positions on the flood plains. The Oaklimeter soils are moderately well drained, are coarse-silty, and are in the higher positions on the flood plains.

Typical Pedon

Rosebloom silt loam in an area of Rosebloom-Arkabutla association, frequently flooded; about 1,400 feet south and 300 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 8, T. 14 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Ethel South topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 05 minutes 20 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 29 minutes 34 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few fine distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions along root channels; many coarse black stains; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• Bg1—6 to 12 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; few fine black and brown concretions; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bg2—12 to 19 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; few fine brown and black concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg3—19 to 34 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common fine brown and black concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bg4—34 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few brown and black concretions; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout the solum, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3; or no dominant color and multicolored in shades of gray and brown
  • Texture—silt loam
• Bg horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
• C horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown

Smithdale Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderate
• Parent material: Loamy sediments
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Ridgetops and hillslopes
• Landform position: Hillslopes, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 8 to 40 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

Smithdale soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Ora, Providence, and Sweatman soils. The Ora soils have a fragipan and are in positions similar to those of the Smithdale soils but at slightly higher elevations. The Providence soils have a fragipan and are on the broader ridgetops. The Sweatman soils are in positions similar to those of the Smithdale soils and have a clayey subsoil.

Typical Pedon

Smithdale fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes; about 1,900 feet north and 1,600 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 35, T. 14 N., R. 6 E.; USGS McAdams topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 01 minute 19 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 39 minutes 16 seconds W.

• A—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• E—5 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—10 to 41 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—41 to 60 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine mica flakes; sand grains coated and bridged with clay and oxides; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt3—60 to 80 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common fine mica flakes; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; few clean sand grains; masses of iron accumulation are relict redoximorphic features; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: 60 to more than 100 inches
• Reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout the solum, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4, and chroma of 1 to 3
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand
• Bt horizon (upper part):
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
• Bt horizon (lower part):
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—loam or sandy loam
  • Redoximorphic features—none to common relict redoximorphic features in shades of brown and red

Stough Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Loamy material
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Terraces and upland flats
• Landform position: Planar to slightly convex toeslopes and summits
• Slope: 0 to 2 percent
• Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Fragiaquic Paleudults

Stough soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Ora soils. The moderately well drained Ora soils have a fragipan and are in the higher positions.

Typical Pedon

Stough loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 200 feet south and 1,900 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 35, T. 15 N., R. 6 E.; USGS McAdams topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 07 minutes 23 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 39 minutes 00 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; few medium black and yellowish brown concretions; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
• AB—5 to 8 inches; 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), 35 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3), and 30 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; few fine roots; few medium black concretions; the grayish brown areas are iron depletions; the yellowish brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt—8 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; common fine and medium black and dark brown concretions; sand grains bridged and coated with clay; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Btx1—15 to 23 inches; 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 35 percent gray (10YR 6/1), and 30 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, brittle and compact in about 50 percent of the volume; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; gray seams of clay depletions about 1/2-inch wide between prisms; common fine and medium black and dark brown concretions; the gray areas are iron depletions; the strong brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btx2—23 to 37 inches; 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 35 percent gray (10YR 6/1), and 30 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, compact and brittle in about 50 percent of the volume; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; common faint and few distinct clay films on faces of peds; gray seams of clay depletions about 1/2-inch wide between prisms; common fine and medium black and dark brown concretions; the gray areas are iron depletions; the strong brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btx3—37 to 51 inches; 25 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 25 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), 25 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), and 25 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, brittle and compact in about 45 percent of the volume; common faint and few distinct clay films on faces of peds; gray seams of sandy loam clay depletions about 1/2-inch wide between prisms; common fine and medium black and dark brown concretions; the grayish brown areas are iron depletions; the strong brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Btx4—51 to 60 inches; 35 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 30 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy clay loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, slightly brittle and compact in about 30 percent of the volume; common faint and few distinct clay films on faces of peds; many medium black and brown concretions; the grayish brown areas are iron depletions; the yellowish brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: More than 60 inches
• Reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout the solum, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 or 2
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam
• Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2; or hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 3 or 4
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam
• AB horizon (where present):
  • Color—multicolored resulting from iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown
  • Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam
  • Redoximorphic features—few to many iron depletions in shades of gray
• Btx horizon:
  • Color—multicolored resulting from iron depletions and masses of iron accumulation; or hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6
  • Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam; the brown material, which is 40 to 55 percent of the volume, is slightly compact and brittle and restricts root penetration.

Sweatman Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Well drained
• Permeability: Moderately slow
• Parent material: Thinly laminated clay shales; sandy and loamy material
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Ridgetops and hillslopes
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 5 to 35 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

Sweatman soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Providence, Smithdale, and Tippah soils. These soils are in the less sloping positions. The Providence soils are fine-silty and have a fragipan. The Smithdale soils are fine-loamy. The Tippah soils are fine-silty.

Typical Pedon

Sweatman loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, eroded; about 2,100 feet north and 1,800 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 13, T. 15 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Hesterville topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 09 minutes 29 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 38 minutes 22 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
• Bt1—3 to 14 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) silty clay; moderate medium angular and subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few distinct and common faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
• Bt2—14 to 21 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) and red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• BC—21 to 26 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) masses of iron accumulation; common fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) shale fragments; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C1—26 to 45 inches; stratified layers of grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), soft, weathered shale and yellowish red (5YR 4/6), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and red (2.5YR 4/6) loamy material; massive; firm; common flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• C2—45 to 60 inches; stratified layers of grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), soft, weathered shale and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy loam; massive; firm; common flakes of mica; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: 20 to 48 inches
• Reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• A or Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
  • Texture—silt loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
  • Redoximorphic features (where present)—few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or red
• BC horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8; or multicolored
  • Texture—sandy loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, clay, or silty clay; up to 25 percent, by volume, weathered, gray shale fragments
  • Redoximorphic features—few or common masses of iron accumulation in shades of brown or red
• C horizon:
  • Color—multicolored in shades of brown and red
  • Texture—stratified fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or loam and gray, soft, weathered shale that is rich in mica

Tippah Series

• Depth class: Very deep
• Drainage class: Moderately well drained
• Permeability: Moderate in the surface layer and upper subsoil and slow in the lower subsoil
• Parent material: Silty material over clayey sediment
• Landscape: Coastal Plain
• Landform: Ridgetops
• Landform position: Summits, shoulder slopes, and backslopes
• Slope: 2 to 15 percent
• Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Aquic Paleudalfs

Tippah soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Ora, Providence, and Sweatman soils. The Ora soils have a fragipan, are fine-loamy, and are in positions similar to those of the Tippah soils. The Providence soils have a fragipan and are in positions similar to those of the Tippah soils. The Sweatman soils are on hillslopes and more dissected terrain and are clayey.

Typical Pedon

Tippah silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded; about 400 feet south and 700 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 21, T. 14 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Kosciusko topographic quadrangle; lat. 33 degrees 03 minutes 45 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 34 minutes 45 seconds W.

• Ap—0 to 5 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; few medium pockets of yellowish red (5YR 5/6) loam; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
• Bt1—5 to 12 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few distinct and common faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• Bt2—12 to 20 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine black concretions; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• Bt3—20 to 28 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; many distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; many fine black concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
• 2Bt1—28 to 33 inches; 35 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), 35 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 30 percent gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very firm; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; the gray areas are iron depletions; the strong brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• 2Bt2—33 to 43 inches; 35 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), 35 percent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), and 30 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very firm; many faint and common distinct clay films; the grayish brown areas are iron depletions; the yellowish brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
• 2Bt3—43 to 60 inches; 30 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), 25 percent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), 25 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 20 percent gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many faint and common distinct clay films on faces of peds; the gray areas are iron depletions; the yellowish brown areas are masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid

Range in Characteristics

• Solum thickness: More than 60 inches
• Depth to contrasting soil material: 20 to 50 inches
• Reaction: Moderately acid to very strongly acid throughout the solum, except for the surface layer in areas that have been limed
• Ap horizon:
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—silt loam
• E horizon (where present):
  • Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6
  • Texture—loam or silt loam
• Bt horizon:
  • Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6; or hue of 7.5YR, value of 5, and chroma of 6 to 8
  • Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
  • Redoximorphic features (in the lower part of the horizon)—few or common iron depletions in shades of gray
• 2Bt horizon:
  • Color—commonly no dominant matrix color and multicolored in shades of brown, gray, and olive
  • Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay C:\Documents and Settings\aaron.achen\My Documents\Surveys\Attala\working\series.doc Page 40 of 76

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